(Devarim 12:5) "and you shall come there … (6) and you shall bring there": Why is this stated (i.e., it is essentially stated elsewhere). Because it is written (Vayikra 23:37) "These are the festivals of the L-rd, which you shall call holy callings to present a fire-offering to the L-rd, a burnt-offering and a meal-offering, sacrifice and drink-offerings, the thing of the day in its day."
I might think that the only things sacrificed on a festival are the sacrifices of the festival alone. Whence are derived for inclusion communal offerings, and individual offerings dedicated before the festival and on the festival itself? From (Ibid. 38) "aside from your gifts and aside from all your vows and aside from all your gift-offerings that you give to the L-rd" — to include birds and meal-offerings, all of which are sacrificed on the festival.
I might think that this is optional; it is, therefore, written (Bamidbar 29:39) "These shall you offer to the L-rd on your festivals." If to permit them, they have already been permitted. If so, why is it written "These shall you offer to the L-rd on your festivals"? To make them mandatory, that all are to be sacrificed on the festival.
I might think, on any festival that they desire; it is, therefore, written (here) "and you shall come there … and you shall bring there." If to permit them, they have already been permitted. If to make them mandatory, they have already been made mandatory. If so, why is it written "and you shall come there … and you shall bring there'? To make them mandatory on the first fixed festival that presents itself.
I might think that if one festival passed and he did not bring it he is in transgression of (Ibid. 23:22) "You shall not delay to pay it"; it is, therefore, written "These shall you offer to the L-rd on your festivals" — he is not in transgression thereof until all the festivals of the year have passed.
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עוֹלוֹתֵיכֶם – עוֹלַת יָחִיד וְעוֹלַת צִבּוּר.
(Ibid. 12:6) "your burnt-offerings": both individual and communal burnt-offerings.
"and the offering of your hands": These are bikkurim, as it is written (Ibid. 26:4) "and the Cohein shall take the basket from your hands and he shall place it before the altar of the L-rd your G-d."
(דברים יב ה-ו) וּבָאתָ שָׁמָּה, וַהֲבֵאתֶם שָׁמָּה״, לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר? לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כג לז): ״אֵלֶּה מוֹעֲדֵי ה׳ אֲשֶׁר תִּקְרְאוּ אֹתָם מִקְרָאֵי קֹדֶשׁ לְהַקְרִיב אִשֶּׁה לַה׳ דְּבַר יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ״,
(Devarim 12:5) "and you shall come there … (6) and you shall bring there": Why is this stated (i.e., it is essentially stated elsewhere). Because it is written (Vayikra 23:37) "These are the festivals of the L-rd, which you shall call holy callings to present a fire-offering to the L-rd, a burnt-offering and a meal-offering, sacrifice and drink-offerings, the thing of the day in its day."
יָכוֹל אֵין לִקְרַב בָּרֶגֶל אֶלָּא קָרְבְּנוֹת רֶגֶל בִּלְבַד? מִנַּיִן לְקָרְבְּנוֹת צִבּוּר שֶׁהוּקְדְּשׁוּ לִפְנֵי הָרֶגֶל שֶׁיָּבוֹאוּ בָרֶגֶל, וְקָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד שֶׁהוּקְדְּשׁוּ לִפְנֵי הָרֶגֶל שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָרֶגֶל, וְשֶׁהוּקְדְּשׁוּ בָרֶגֶל שֶׁיָּבוֹאוּ בָרֶגֶל? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (ויקרא כג לח): ״וּמִלְּבַד מַתְּנוֹתֵיכֶם וּמִלְּבַד כָּל נִדְרֵיכֶם וּמִלְּבַד כָּל נִדְבוֹתֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר תִּתְּנוּ לַה׳״, לְרַבּוֹת עוֹפוֹת וּמְנָחוֹת, לְהַתִּיר שֶׁכֻּלָּם יָבוֹאוּ בָרֶגֶל.
I might think that the only things sacrificed on a festival are the sacrifices of the festival alone. Whence are derived for inclusion communal offerings, and individual offerings dedicated before the festival and on the festival itself? From (Ibid. 38) "aside from your gifts and aside from all your vows and aside from all your gift-offerings that you give to the L-rd" — to include birds and meal-offerings, all of which are sacrificed on the festival.
יָכוֹל רְשׁוּת? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (במדבר כט לט): ״אֵלֶּה תַּעֲשׂוּ לַה׳ בְּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם״. אִם לְהַתִּיר – כְּבָר הִתִּיר, אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר ״אֵלֶּה תַּעֲשׂוּ לַה׳ בְּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם״? לְקָבְעָם, שֶׁכֻּלָּם יָבוֹאוּ בָרֶגֶל.
I might think that this is optional; it is, therefore, written (Bamidbar 29:39) "These shall you offer to the L-rd on your festivals." If to permit them, they have already been permitted. If so, why is it written "These shall you offer to the L-rd on your festivals"? To make them mandatory, that all are to be sacrificed on the festival.
יָכוֹל בְּאֵיזֶה רֶגֶל שֶׁיִּרְצֶה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: וּבָאתָ שָׁמָּה וַהֲבֵאתֶם שָׁמָּה. אִם לְהַתִּיר – כְּבָר הִתִּיר; אִם לִקְבֹּעַ – כְּבָר קָבַע; אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר וּבָאתָ שָׁמָּה וַהֲבֵאתֶם שָׁמָּה? לְקָבְעָם חוֹבָה שֶׁלֹּא יָבוֹאוּ אֶלָּא בְּרֶגֶל רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁפָּגַע בּוֹ.
I might think, on any festival that they desire; it is, therefore, written (here) "and you shall come there … and you shall bring there." If to permit them, they have already been permitted. If to make them mandatory, they have already been made mandatory. If so, why is it written "and you shall come there … and you shall bring there'? To make them mandatory on the first fixed festival that presents itself.
יָכוֹל אִם עָבַר רֶגֶל אֶחָד וְלֹא הֵבִיא יְהֵא עוֹבֵר עָלָיו מִשּׁוּם בַּל תְּאַחֵר? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״אֵלֶּה תַּעֲשׂוּ לַה׳ בְּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם״, הָא אֵין עוֹבֵר עָלָיו מִשּׁוּם בַּל תְּאַחֵר עַד שֶׁיַּעַבְרוּ עָלָיו רִגְלֵי שָׁנָה כֻּלָּהּ!
I might think that if one festival passed and he did not bring it he is in transgression of (Ibid. 23:22) "You shall not delay to pay it"; it is, therefore, written "These shall you offer to the L-rd on your festivals" — he is not in transgression thereof until all the festivals of the year have passed.
עוֹלוֹתֵיכֶם – עוֹלַת יָחִיד וְעוֹלַת צִבּוּר.
(Ibid. 12:6) "your burnt-offerings": both individual and communal burnt-offerings.
וְזִבְחֵיכֶם – זִבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵי יָחִיד וְזִבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵי צִבּוּר.
"your sacrifices": both individual and communal peace-offerings.
מַעְשְׂרוֹתֵיכֶם – רַבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: בִּשְׁנֵי מַעַשְׂרוֹת הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר; אֶחָד מַעְשַׂר דָּגָן וְאֶחָד מַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה.
"your tithes": R. Akiva says: Scripture speaks of two tithes, the grain tithe and the animal tithe.
וּתְרוּמַת יֶדְכֶם – אֵלּוּ הַבִּכּוּרִים, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כו ד): ״וְלָקַח הַכֹּהֵן הַטֶּנֶא מִיָּדֶךָ״.
"and the offering of your hands": These are bikkurim, as it is written (Ibid. 26:4) "and the Cohein shall take the basket from your hands and he shall place it before the altar of the L-rd your G-d."
וּבְכוֹרֹת – זֶה הַבְּכוֹר.
"and the bechoroth": the first-born.
בְּקַרְכֶם וְצֹאנְכֶם – אֵלּוּ חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת.
"your cattle and your flocks": sin-offerings and guilt-offerings.