(Devarim 14:21) "You shall not eat any carcass (neveilah)": This tells me only of neveilah. Whence do we derive (the same for) treifah (lit., a "torn" animal)? From "any carcass."
"To the ger in your gates shall you give it": We are hereby taught that he gives it as a gift to a ger toshav (a "resident stranger" — one who has taken it upon himself not to serve idolatry, but who eats carcass.)
And whence is it derived (that he may sell it) also to the ger? From "to the ger." In sum: He may sell it or give it as a gift both to a gentile or a ger toshav.
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רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: דְּבָרִים כִּכְתָבָם.
R. Yehudah says: The verse is to be taken literally (i.e., to the gentile, by selling, and not as a gift, to the ger, as a gift, and not by selling.)
"for a holy people are you to the L-rd your G-d": Sanctify yourself with what is permitted to you, viz.: That which is permitted and others forbid to themselves (as a special act of piety), you are forbidden to permit to yourselves in their presence.
"You shall not cook a kid in the milk of its mother": Why is this written three times? To exclude (from this prohibition) an animal, a bird, and an unclean beast.
R. Yossi Haglili says: It is written "You shall not eat any carcass," and "You shall not cook a kid in the milk of its mother." What is forbidden as neveilah is forbidden to cook in milk. A bird, which is forbidden as neveilah, I might think that it is forbidden to cook it in milk; it is, therefore, written "in its mother's milk" — to exclude a bird, which has no mother's milk.
Variantly: "You shall not cook a kid in its mother's milk": Why is this written three times? It corresponds to the three covenants that the Holy One Blessed be He made with Israel: one in Chorev, another in Arvoth Moav, and another in Mount Gerizim and Mount Eival.
(דברים יד כא) לֹא תֹאכְלוּ כָל נְבֵלָה, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא נְבֵלָה, טְרֵפָה מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״נְבֵלָה״ – ״כָל נְבֵלָה״.
(Devarim 14:21) "You shall not eat any carcass (neveilah)": This tells me only of neveilah. Whence do we derive (the same for) treifah (lit., a "torn" animal)? From "any carcass."
לַגֵּר אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ – מְלַמֵּד שֶׁנּוֹתְנָהּ בְּמַתָּנָה לְגֵר תּוֹשָׁב.
"To the ger in your gates shall you give it": We are hereby taught that he gives it as a gift to a ger toshav (a "resident stranger" — one who has taken it upon himself not to serve idolatry, but who eats carcass.)
מִנַּיִן אַף לְנָכְרִי? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: לְנָכְרִי.
Whence is it derived (that he may give it) also to a gentile? From "to the gentile."
מִנַּיִן שֶׁמּוֹכְרָהּ לְגֵר תּוֹשָׁב? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: אוֹ מָכֹר.
And whence is it derived that he may sell it to a gentile? From "or sell it to the gentile."
מִנַּיִן אַף לְנָכְרִי? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: לְנָכְרִי. כְּשֶׁתִּמְצֵי אוֹמֵר: מוֹכְרָהּ וְנוֹתְנָהּ בְּמַתָּנָה לְנָכְרִי וּלְגֵר תּוֹשָׁב.
And whence is it derived (that he may sell it) also to the ger? From "to the ger." In sum: He may sell it or give it as a gift both to a gentile or a ger toshav.
רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: דְּבָרִים כִּכְתָבָם.
R. Yehudah says: The verse is to be taken literally (i.e., to the gentile, by selling, and not as a gift, to the ger, as a gift, and not by selling.)
כִּי עַם קָדוֹשׁ אַתָּה לַה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ – קַדֵּשׁ אֶת עַצְמְךָ. דְּבָרִים הַמּוּתָּרִים וַאֲחֵרִים נָהֲגוּ בָּהֶם אִסּוּר – אִי אַתָּה רַשַּׁי לִנְהֹג הֶתֵּר בִּפְנֵיהֶם.
"for a holy people are you to the L-rd your G-d": Sanctify yourself with what is permitted to you, viz.: That which is permitted and others forbid to themselves (as a special act of piety), you are forbidden to permit to yourselves in their presence.
לֹא תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר? כְּנֶגֶד שָׁלֹשׁ בְּרִיתוֹת שֶׁכָּרַת הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים: אַחַת בְּחוֹרֵב, וְאַחַת בְּעַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב, וְאַחַת בְּהַר גְּרִזִים וּבְהַר עֵיבָל.
"You shall not cook a kid in the milk of its mother": Why is this written three times? To exclude (from this prohibition) an animal, a bird, and an unclean beast.
רַבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: חַיָּה וָעוֹף אֵינָם מִן הַתּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לֹא תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים, פְּרָט לְחַיָּה וְעוֹף וּבְהֵמָה טְמֵאָה.
R. Yossi Haglili says: It is written "You shall not eat any carcass," and "You shall not cook a kid in the milk of its mother." What is forbidden as neveilah is forbidden to cook in milk. A bird, which is forbidden as neveilah, I might think that it is forbidden to cook it in milk; it is, therefore, written "in its mother's milk" — to exclude a bird, which has no mother's milk.
רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: נֶאֱמַר לֹא תֹאכְלוּ כָל נְבֵלָה וְנֶאֱמַר לֹא תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ, [אֵת שֶׁאָסוּר מִשּׁוּם נְבֵלָה אָסוּר לְבַשֵּׁל בְּחָלָב. עוֹף שֶׁאָסוּר מִשּׁוּם נְבֵלָה, יָכוֹל יְהֵא אָסוּר לְבַשֵּׁל בְּחָלָב? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ,] יָצָא עוֹף שֶׁאֵין לוֹ חֲלֵב אֵם.
Variantly: "You shall not cook a kid in its mother's milk": Why is this written three times? It corresponds to the three covenants that the Holy One Blessed be He made with Israel: one in Chorev, another in Arvoth Moav, and another in Mount Gerizim and Mount Eival.