Another explanation of the verse “Let us make man in our image after our likeness” was given by the colleagues, who put these words into the mouth of the ministering angels. Said R. Simeon to them, ‘Since they know what has been and what will be, they must have known that he was destined to sin. Why, then, did they make this proposal?
Nay more, Uzza and Azael actually opposed it. For when the Shekinah said to God “Let us make man”, they said, “What is man that thou shouldst know him? Why desirest thou to create man, who, as thou knowest, will sin before thee through his wife, who is the darkness to his light, light being male and darkness female?” The Shekinah answered them: “You yourselves shall commit the very crime of which you accuse him”; and so it is written, “and the sons of God saw the daughters of man that they were comely”, and they went astray after them and were degraded by the Shekinah from their holy estate.’
Said the colleagues: ‘Rabbi, after all, Uzza and Azael were not wrong, because man was really destined to sin through woman.’ He replied, ‘What the Shekinah said was this: “You have spoken worse of man than all the rest of the heavenly host. If you were more virtuous than man, you would have a right to accuse him. But whereas he will sin with one woman, you will sin with many women, as it is written, ‘and the sons of God saw the daughters of man’- not a daughter, but daughters; and further, if man sinned, he was ready to repent and to return to his Master and repair his wrong.”
Said the colleagues, ‘If so, why was he after all created?’ He replied: ‘If God had not created man in this way, with good and evil inclination, which correspond to light and darkness, created man would have been capable neither of virtue, nor of sin; but now that he has been created with both, it is written, “see, I have set before thee this day life and death” ‘(Deut. 30, 19). They said to him: ‘Still, why all this? Would it not have been better that he should not have been created and so not have sinned, thereby causing so much mischief above, and that he should have had neither punishment nor reward?’
He replied: ‘It was just and right that he should be created in this way, because for his sake the Torah was created in which are inscribed punishments for the wicked and rewards for the righteous, and these are only for the sake of created man.’ They said: ‘Of a truth we have heard now what we never knew before. Certainly God created nothing which was not required.’
What is more, the created Torah is a vestment to the Shekinah, and if man had not been created, the Shekinah would have been without a vestment like a beggar. Hence when a man sins it is as though he strips the Shekinah of her vestments, and that is why he is punished;
and when he carries out the precepts of the Law, it is as though he clothes the Shekinah in her vestments. Hence we say that the fringes (tsitith) worn by the Israelites are to the Shekinah in captivity like the poor man’s garments, of which it is said, “for that is his only covering, it is his garment for his skin, wherein shall he sleep?” (Ex. 22, 26).
דָּבָר אַחֵר נַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם בְּצַלְמֵנוּ כִּדְמוּתֵנוּ, הָא אוּקְמוּהָ חַבְרַיָּיא עַל מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת דְּאִנּוּן אָמְרִי הַאי קְרָא. אָמַר לְהוּ בָּתַר דְּהֲווּ יָדְעִין מַה דְּהֲוָה וּמַה דְּעֲתִיד לְמֶהֱוֵי וְאִנּוּן הֲווּ יָדְעִין דְּעֲתִיד לְמֶחֱטֵי אַמַּאי בָּעוּ לְמֶעְבַּד לֵיהּ.
Another explanation of the verse “Let us make man in our image after our likeness” was given by the colleagues, who put these words into the mouth of the ministering angels. Said R. Simeon to them, ‘Since they know what has been and what will be, they must have known that he was destined to sin. Why, then, did they make this proposal?
וְלָא עוֹד אֶלָּא דְּעַזָּא וַעֲזָאֵל הֲווּ מְקַטְרְגֵי עֲלֵיהּ בְּזִמְנָא דְּאָמַר שְׁכִינְתָּא לְקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא נַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם, אָמְרוּ מָה אָדָם וַתֵּדָעֵהוּ. מָה אַתְּ בָּעֵי לְמִבְרֵי אָדָם, וַתֵּדָעֵהוּ דְּעֲתִיד לְמֶחֱטֵי קַמָּךְ בְּאִתְּתָא דִילֵיהּ דְּאִיהִי חשֶׁךְ. דְּאוֹר (מ"י דף כ"ח) אִיהוּ דְּכוּרָא וְחשֶׁךְ נוּקְבָא שְׂמָאלָא חשֶׁךְ דִּבְרִיאָה. בְּהַהוּא זִמְנָא שְׁכִינְתָּא אֲמָרַת לוֹן בְּהַאי דְּאַתּוּן מְקַטְרְגִין אַתּוּן עֲתִידִים לְמִנְפַּל. כְּדִכְתִיב וַיִּרְאוּ בְּנֵי הָאֱלהִים אֶת בְּנוֹת הָאָדָם כִּי טוֹבוֹת הֵנָּה וְגו' (חשקו בהון) וְטָעוּ בְהוֹן וְאַפִּיל לוֹן שְׁכִינְתָּא מִקְּדוּשָׁה דִּלְהוֹן.
Nay more, Uzza and Azael actually opposed it. For when the Shekinah said to God “Let us make man”, they said, “What is man that thou shouldst know him? Why desirest thou to create man, who, as thou knowest, will sin before thee through his wife, who is the darkness to his light, light being male and darkness female?” The Shekinah answered them: “You yourselves shall commit the very crime of which you accuse him”; and so it is written, “and the sons of God saw the daughters of man that they were comely”, and they went astray after them and were degraded by the Shekinah from their holy estate.’
אָמְרוּ חַבְרַיָּיא רִבִּי רִבִּי, אַדְּהָכִי (נ"א אי הכי) עַזָּא וַעֲזָאֵל לָא הֲווּ מְשַׁקְרִין בְּמִלּוּלַיְיהוּ. דְּוַדַּאי בְּנוּקְבָא עֲתִיד אָדָם לְמֶחֱטֵי. אָמַר לְהוּ הָכִי אָמְרָה שְׁכִינְתָּא אַתּוּן אִזְדַּמַּנְתּוּן לְקַטְרְגָא קֳדָמַי יַתִּיר מֵחֵילָא דִּמְרוֹמָא, אִי אַתּוּן הֲוֵיתוּן שַׁפִּירִין מֵאָדָם בְּעוֹבָדַיְיכוּ יָאוֹת לְכוּ לְקַטְרְגָא עֲלֵיהּ. אֲבָל אִיהוּ עֲתִיד לְמֶחֱטֵי בְּאִתְּתָא חָדָא, אַתּוּן בִּנְשִׁין סַגִּיאִין. חִבָּתֵיכוֹן יַתִּיר מִבְּנֵי נְשָׁא כְּמָה דִּכְתִיב וַיִּרְאוּ בְּנֵי הָאֱלהִים אֶת בְּנוֹת הָאָדָם וְגו', אֶת בַּת הָאָדָם לא נֶאֱמַר, אֶלָּא אֶת בְּנוֹת הָאָדָם. וְלא עוֹד אֶלָּא אִם אָדָם חָב הָא אַקְדִּים לֵיהּ תְּשׁוּבָה לְאַהֲדָרָא לְמָארֵיהּ לְאַתְקָנָא בַּמֶּה דְּחָב.
Said the colleagues: ‘Rabbi, after all, Uzza and Azael were not wrong, because man was really destined to sin through woman.’ He replied, ‘What the Shekinah said was this: “You have spoken worse of man than all the rest of the heavenly host. If you were more virtuous than man, you would have a right to accuse him. But whereas he will sin with one woman, you will sin with many women, as it is written, ‘and the sons of God saw the daughters of man’- not a daughter, but daughters; and further, if man sinned, he was ready to repent and to return to his Master and repair his wrong.”
אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ חַבְרַיָּיא (רבי רבי) אִי הָכִי אַמַּאי כּוּלֵי הַאי. אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן לְחַבְרַיָּיא אִי לָא דְּהֲוָה הָכִי דְּבָרָא קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא יִצְרָא טָבָא וּבִישָׁא דְּאִנּוּן אוֹר וְחשֶׁךְ לָא הֲוָה זְכוּ וְחוֹבָה לְאָדָם דִּבְרִיאָה. אֶלָּא (בגין) דְּאִתְבְּרִי מִתַּרְוַויְיהוּ, וּבְגִין דָּא (דברים ל׳:ט״ו) רְאֵה נָתַתִּי לְפָנְיךָ הַיּוֹם אֶת הַחַיִּים וְגו'. אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ כּוּלֵי הַאי אַמַּאי. וְלָא הֲוָה שַׁפִּיר דְּלָא אִתְבְּרֵי דְּלָא לְמֵיחַב וּלְגַרְמָא כָּל מַה דְּגָרִים לְעֵילָא וְלָא הֲוָה לֵיהּ לָא עוֹנֶשׁ וְלָא שָׂכָר.
Said the colleagues, ‘If so, why was he after all created?’ He replied: ‘If God had not created man in this way, with good and evil inclination, which correspond to light and darkness, created man would have been capable neither of virtue, nor of sin; but now that he has been created with both, it is written, “see, I have set before thee this day life and death” ‘(Deut. 30, 19). They said to him: ‘Still, why all this? Would it not have been better that he should not have been created and so not have sinned, thereby causing so much mischief above, and that he should have had neither punishment nor reward?’
אָמַר לוֹן מִן הַדִּין הֲוָה לֵיהּ לְמִבְרְיֵיהּ כָּךְ. בְּגִין דְּאוֹרַיְיתָא בְּגִינֵיהּ אִתְבְּרִיאַת דִּכְתִיב בַּהּ עוֹנָשָׁא לְרַשִּׁיעַיָּיא וְאַגְרָא לְצַדִּיקַיָּיא וְלָא הֲוָה אַגְרָא לְצַדִּיקַיָּיא וְעוֹנָשָׁא לְרַשִּׁיעַיָּיא אֶלָּא בְּגִין אָדָם דִּבְרִיאָה (ישעיהו מ״ה:י״ח) לא תֹּהוּ בְּרָאָהּ לְשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ. אָמְרוּ וַדַּאי כְּעָן שְׁמַעְנָא מַה דְּלָא שְׁמַעְנָא עַד הַשְׁתָּא, דְּוַדַּאי לָא בְרָא קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא מִלְּתָא דְּלָאו אִיהוּ צָרִיךְ.
He replied: ‘It was just and right that he should be created in this way, because for his sake the Torah was created in which are inscribed punishments for the wicked and rewards for the righteous, and these are only for the sake of created man.’ They said: ‘Of a truth we have heard now what we never knew before. Certainly God created nothing which was not required.’
וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא אוֹרַיְיתָא דִּבְרִיאָה אִיהוּ לְבוּשָׁא דִּשְׁכִינְתָּא. וְאִי אָדָם לָא הֲוָה עֲתִיד לְמִבְרֵי (למחטי) הֲוַת שְׁכִינְתָּא בְּלָא כִסּוּיָיא כְּגַוְונָא דְעָנִי. וּבְגִין דָּא כָּל מָאן דְּחָב כְּאִלּוּ אַפְשִׁיט לִשְׁכִינְתָּא מַלְבּוּשָׁהָא. וְהַאי אִיהוּ עוֹנָשָׁא דְּאָדָם.
What is more, the created Torah is a vestment to the Shekinah, and if man had not been created, the Shekinah would have been without a vestment like a beggar. Hence when a man sins it is as though he strips the Shekinah of her vestments, and that is why he is punished;
וְכָל מָאן דִּמְקַיֵּים פִּקּוּדִין דְּאוֹרַיְיתָא כְּאִלּוּ הוּא לָבִישׁ לִשְׁכִינְתָּא בִּלְבוּשָׁהָא. וּבְגִין דָּא אוּקְמוּהָ בְּכִסּוּיָא דְצִיצִית (ותפלין) (שמות כ״ב:כ״ו) כִּי הִיא כְסוּתוֹ לְבַדָּהּ הִיא שִׂמְלָתוֹ לְעוֹרוֹ בַּמֶּה יִשְׁכָּב בְּגָלוּתָא וְהָא אוּקְמוּהָ. תָּא חֲזֵי, חשֶׁךְ אִיהוּ אוּכְמוּ דְאוֹרַיְיתָא אוֹר חֵיוְרוּ דְאוֹרַיְיתָא.
and when he carries out the precepts of the Law, it is as though he clothes the Shekinah in her vestments. Hence we say that the fringes (tsitith) worn by the Israelites are to the Shekinah in captivity like the poor man’s garments, of which it is said, “for that is his only covering, it is his garment for his skin, wherein shall he sleep?” (Ex. 22, 26).