At what stage do olives become susceptible to uncleanness?When they exude the moisture [produced] by [their lying in] the vat but not the one [produced while they are still] in the basket, according to the words of Bet Shammai. Rabbi Shimon says: the minimum time prescribed for proper exudation is three days. Bet Hillel says: as soon as three olives stick together. Rabban Gamaliel says: as soon as their preparation is finished, and the sages agree with his view.
If he finished the gathering but intended to buy some more, or if he had finished buying but intended to borrow some more, or if a time of mourning, a wedding feast or some other hindrance befell him then even if zavim and zavot trampled over them they remain clean. If any unclean liquids fell upon them, only the place where it touched them becomes unclean. Any liquid that comes out of them is clean.
When their preparation is finished behold they are susceptible to uncleanness. If an unclean liquid fell upon them they become unclean. The sap that issues from them: Rabbi Eliezer says it is clean, But the sages say that it is unclean. Rabbi Shimon says: they did not dispute the ruling that sap that issues from olives is clean. But about what did they dispute? About that which comes from the vat: That Rabbi Eliezer says is clean And the sages say is unclean.
One who had finished [the gathering of his olives] and put aside one basketful, let him put it [in the container] in front of a priest, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: he must hand him over the key immediately. Rabbi Shimon says: within twenty-four hours.
One who put his olives in a basket that they might be softened so that they will be easy to press, they become susceptible to uncleanness; [If he put them in a basket] to be softened so that they may be salted: Bet Shammai says: they become susceptible. Bet Hillel says: they do not become susceptible. One who splits his olives with unwashed hands, he causes them to be unclean.
If one put his olives on a roof to dry, even though they are piled up to the height of a cubit, they do not become susceptible to uncleanness. If he put them in the house to putrify, even though he intends to take them up on the roof, or if he put them on the roof so that they might open so that they could be salted, they become susceptible to uncleanness. If he put them in the house while he secured his roof or until he could take them elsewhere, they do not become susceptible to uncleanness.
If one wants to take from them [a quantity sufficient for] one pressing or for two pressings:Bet Shammai says: he may scrape off [what he requires] in a condition of uncleanness, but he must cover up [what he takes] in a condition of cleanness. Bet Hillel says: he may also cover it up in a condition of uncleanness. Rabbi Yose says: he may dig out [what he requires] with metal axes and carry it to the press in a condition of uncleanness.
If a [dead] sheretz was found in the milling stones, only the place that it has touched becomes unclean. But if moisture was running, all become unclean. If it was found on the leaves, the olive-press men shall be asked whether they can say, "we did not touch it." If it touched the mass [of olives], even by as little as the bulk of a barley grain, [the mass becomes] unclean.
If it was found on broken off pieces but it touched as much as an egg's bulk, [the entire mass] becomes unclean. If it was found on broken off pieces that lay upon other broken off pieces, even though it touched as much as an egg's bulk, only the place it touched becomes unclean. If it was found between the wall and the olives, they remain clean. If it was found [on olives that were lying] on the roof, [the olives in] the vat remain clean. If it was found in the vat, [the olives on] the roof are [also] regarded as unclean. If it was found burnt upon the olives, and so also in the case of a rag that was completely worn out, [the olives remain] clean, because all cases of uncleanness are determined in accordance with their appearance at the time they are found.
זֵיתִים מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. מִשֶּׁיַּזִּיעוּ זֵעַת הַמַּעֲטָן, אֲבָל לֹא זֵעַת הַקֻּפָּה, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שִׁעוּר זֵעָה שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּתְחַבְּרוּ שְׁלשָׁה זֶה לָזֶה. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים כִּדְבָרָיו:
At what stage do olives become susceptible to uncleanness?When they exude the moisture [produced] by [their lying in] the vat but not the one [produced while they are still] in the basket, according to the words of Bet Shammai. Rabbi Shimon says: the minimum time prescribed for proper exudation is three days. Bet Hillel says: as soon as three olives stick together. Rabban Gamaliel says: as soon as their preparation is finished, and the sages agree with his view.
גָּמַר מִלִּמְסֹק אֲבָל עָתִיד לִקַּח, גָּמַר מִלִּקַּח אֲבָל עָתִיד לִלְווֹת, אֵרְעוֹ אֵבֶל, אוֹ מִשְׁתֶּה, אוֹ אֹנֶס, אֲפִלּוּ זָבִים וְזָבוֹת מְהַלְּכִים עֲלֵיהֶן, טְהוֹרִין. נָפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם מַגָּעָן, וְהַמֹּחַל הַיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן טָהוֹר:
If he finished the gathering but intended to buy some more, or if he had finished buying but intended to borrow some more, or if a time of mourning, a wedding feast or some other hindrance befell him then even if zavim and zavot trampled over them they remain clean. If any unclean liquids fell upon them, only the place where it touched them becomes unclean. Any liquid that comes out of them is clean.
נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻכְשָׁרִין. נָפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מַשְׁקִין, טְמֵאִין. הַמֹּחַל הַיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ עַל הַמֹּחַל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים, שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר. וְעַל מַה נֶּחְלְקוּ. עַל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַבּוֹר, שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין:
When their preparation is finished behold they are susceptible to uncleanness. If an unclean liquid fell upon them they become unclean. The sap that issues from them: Rabbi Eliezer says it is clean, But the sages say that it is unclean. Rabbi Shimon says: they did not dispute the ruling that sap that issues from olives is clean. But about what did they dispute? About that which comes from the vat: That Rabbi Eliezer says is clean And the sages say is unclean.
הַגּוֹמֵר אֶת זֵיתָיו וְשִׁיֵּר קֻפָּה אַחַת, יִתְּנֶנָּה לְעָנִי הַכֹּהֵן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, יוֹלִיךְ אֶת הַמַּפְתֵּחַ מִיָּד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מֵעֵת לְעֵת:
One who had finished [the gathering of his olives] and put aside one basketful, let him put it [in the container] in front of a priest, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: he must hand him over the key immediately. Rabbi Shimon says: within twenty-four hours.
הַמַּנִּיחַ זֵיתִים בַּכּוֹתֵשׁ שֶׁיִּמְתֹּנוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ נוֹחִין לִכְתֹּשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻכְשָׁרִים. שֶׁיִּמְתֹּנוּ שֶׁיִּמְלָחֵם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מֻכְשָׁרִים. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָן מֻכְשָׁרִים. הַפּוֹצֵעַ זֵיתִים בְּיָדַיִם טְמֵאוֹת, טִמְּאָן:
One who put his olives in a basket that they might be softened so that they will be easy to press, they become susceptible to uncleanness; [If he put them in a basket] to be softened so that they may be salted: Bet Shammai says: they become susceptible. Bet Hillel says: they do not become susceptible. One who splits his olives with unwashed hands, he causes them to be unclean.
הַמַּנִּיחַ זֵיתָיו בַּגַּג לְגַרְגְּרָם, אֲפִלּוּ הֵן רוּם אַמָּה, אֵינָן מֻכְשָׁרִים. נְתָנָן בַּבַּיִת שֶׁיִּלְקוּ וְעָתִיד לְהַעֲלוֹתָם לַגַּג, נְתָנָן בַּגַּג שֶׁיִּלְקוּ אוֹ שֶׁיִּפְתְּחֵם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻכְשָׁרִין. נְתָנָן בַּבַּיִת עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁמֵּר אֶת גַּגּוֹ אוֹ עַד שֶׁיּוֹלִיכֵם לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, אֵינָן מֻכְשָׁרִין:
If one put his olives on a roof to dry, even though they are piled up to the height of a cubit, they do not become susceptible to uncleanness. If he put them in the house to putrify, even though he intends to take them up on the roof, or if he put them on the roof so that they might open so that they could be salted, they become susceptible to uncleanness. If he put them in the house while he secured his roof or until he could take them elsewhere, they do not become susceptible to uncleanness.
רָצָה לִטֹּל מֵהֶן בַּד אֶחָד אוֹ שְׁנֵי בַדִּין, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, קוֹצֶה בְטֻמְאָה וּמְחַפֶּה בְטָהֳרָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף מְחַפֶּה בְטֻמְאָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, חוֹפֵר בְּקַרְדֻּמּוֹת שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת וּמוֹלִיךְ לְבֵית הַבַּד בְּטֻמְאָה:
If one wants to take from them [a quantity sufficient for] one pressing or for two pressings:Bet Shammai says: he may scrape off [what he requires] in a condition of uncleanness, but he must cover up [what he takes] in a condition of cleanness. Bet Hillel says: he may also cover it up in a condition of uncleanness. Rabbi Yose says: he may dig out [what he requires] with metal axes and carry it to the press in a condition of uncleanness.
הַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בָרֵחַיִם, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם מַגָּעוֹ. אִם הָיָה מַשְׁקֶה מְהַלֵּךְ, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. נִמְצָא עַל גַּבֵּי הֶעָלִים, יִשָּׁאֲלוּ הַבַּדָּדִים לוֹמַר לֹא נָגָעְנוּ. אִם הָיָה נוֹגֵעַ בָּאוֹם, אֲפִלּוּ בְשַׂעֲרָה, טָמֵא:
If a [dead] sheretz was found in the milling stones, only the place that it has touched becomes unclean. But if moisture was running, all become unclean. If it was found on the leaves, the olive-press men shall be asked whether they can say, "we did not touch it." If it touched the mass [of olives], even by as little as the bulk of a barley grain, [the mass becomes] unclean.
נִמְצָא עַל גַּבֵּי פְרוּדִים, וְהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בְּכַבֵּיצָה, טָמֵא. פְּרוּדִים עַל גַּבֵּי פְרוּדִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בְּכַבֵּיצָה, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם מַגָּעוֹ. נִמְצָא בֵין כֹּתֶל לַזֵּיתִים, טָהוֹר. נִמְצָא בַגַּג, הַמַּעֲטָן טָהוֹר. נִמְצָא בַמַּעֲטָן, הַגַּג טָמֵא. נִמְצָא שָׂרוּף עַל הַזֵּיתִים, וְכֵן מַטְלִית מְהוּהָא, טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁכָּל הַטֻּמְאוֹת כִּשְׁעַת מְצִיאָתָן:
If it was found on broken off pieces but it touched as much as an egg's bulk, [the entire mass] becomes unclean. If it was found on broken off pieces that lay upon other broken off pieces, even though it touched as much as an egg's bulk, only the place it touched becomes unclean. If it was found between the wall and the olives, they remain clean. If it was found [on olives that were lying] on the roof, [the olives in] the vat remain clean. If it was found in the vat, [the olives on] the roof are [also] regarded as unclean. If it was found burnt upon the olives, and so also in the case of a rag that was completely worn out, [the olives remain] clean, because all cases of uncleanness are determined in accordance with their appearance at the time they are found.