(Devarim 24:20) "When you beat your olive tree, you shall not cut off (lo tefa'er) after you": The early settlers would beat their olive trees and act magnanimously (with what was left on them). "your olive trees": to exclude (from peah) those of gentiles.
lo tefa'er": You shall not "lord it" over the poor man — whence they ruled: One who does not allow the poor to pick (the gleanings) or allows one but not another, or helps one of them (to pick) is robbing from the poor. And concerning such as this it is written (Proverbs 22:28) "Do not remove the bounds of yore."
4
אַחֲרֶיךָ, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ שִׁכְחָה.
"after you": We are hereby taught that shikchah obtains with an olive tree.
5
אַחֲרֶיךָ, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ פֵּאָה.
"after you": We are hereby taught that peah obtains with an olive tree.
"to the stranger, to the orphan and to the widow shall it be": It is written here "stranger, orphan," and above (19) "stranger, orphan." Just as there (to render it subject to shikchah) its capacity must be less than two sa'ah, so, here. From here it was ruled: An olive tree which contains two sa'ah and which was forgotten is not subject to shikchah. An olive tree standing between (any two of) three rows (of olive trees) separated by a plot of two malbenim (six hand-breadths) from one another is not shikchah.
(דברים כד כ) כִּי תַחְבֹּט זֵיתְךָ, הָרִאשׁוֹנִים הָיוּ חוֹבְטִים זֵיתֵיהֶם וְהָיוּ נוֹהֲגִים בָּהֶם עַיִן יָפָה. מִכָּן אָמְרוּ: הַזַּיִת שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שׁוּרוֹת שֶׁל שְׁנֵי מַלְבְּנִים וּשְׁכָחוֹ – אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה.
(Devarim 24:20) "When you beat your olive tree, you shall not cut off (lo tefa'er) after you": The early settlers would beat their olive trees and act magnanimously (with what was left on them). "your olive trees": to exclude (from peah) those of gentiles.
זֵיתְךָ, פְּרָט לַאֲחֵרִים. זֵיתְךָ, פְּרָט לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ.
"your olive trees": to exclude those of the Temple. "
לֹא תְפַאֵר, לֹא תִּתְפָּאֵר לֶעָנִי בּוֹ. מִכָּן אָמְרוּ: מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַנִּיחַ אֶת הָעֲנִיִּים לְלַקֵּט, אוֹ שֶׁמַּנִּיחַ אֶחָד וְאֶחָד אֵינוֹ מַנִּיחַ, אוֹ שֶׁמְּסַיֵּעַ אֶת אֶחָד מֵהֶם, הֲרֵי זֶה גּוֹזֵל אֶת הָעֲנִיִּים, וְעַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר (משלי כב כח): ״אַל תַּסֵּג גְּבוּל עוֹלָם״.
lo tefa'er": You shall not "lord it" over the poor man — whence they ruled: One who does not allow the poor to pick (the gleanings) or allows one but not another, or helps one of them (to pick) is robbing from the poor. And concerning such as this it is written (Proverbs 22:28) "Do not remove the bounds of yore."
אַחֲרֶיךָ, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ שִׁכְחָה.
"after you": We are hereby taught that shikchah obtains with an olive tree.
אַחֲרֶיךָ, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ פֵּאָה.
"after you": We are hereby taught that peah obtains with an olive tree.
לַגֵּר לַיָּתוֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָה, נֶאֱמַר כָּאן גֵּר וְיָתוֹם וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן גֵּר וְיָתוֹם, מַה גֵּר וְיָתוֹם הָאָמוּר לְהַלָּן בְּעוֹשֶׂה סָאתַיִם אַף גֵּר וְיָתוֹם הָאָמוּר כָּאן בְּעוֹשֶׂה סָאתַיִם.
"to the stranger, to the orphan and to the widow shall it be": It is written here "stranger, orphan," and above (19) "stranger, orphan." Just as there (to render it subject to shikchah) its capacity must be less than two sa'ah, so, here. From here it was ruled: An olive tree which contains two sa'ah and which was forgotten is not subject to shikchah. An olive tree standing between (any two of) three rows (of olive trees) separated by a plot of two malbenim (six hand-breadths) from one another is not shikchah.