Pisqa’ 230128H:240-241; JN2:142-143. 1. “You may not sow your vineyard with incompatible species lest you prohibit129Heb: tiqdash. In this context, the root q-d-sh has the sense of “taboo” and refers to produce the use of which is forbidden until it is deconsecrated.the whole” (Dt.22:9). Do I need to know this? Isn’t it already stated: “Your field you may not sow with incompatible species” (Lv.19:19)? [The redundancy] teaches that whoever maintains a vineyard with incompatible species transgresses two proscriptions: [One concerning a vineyard (Dt.22:9) and one concerning a field (Lv.19:19)].130Cf. Sifra, qedoshim, per. 4:16
2. Now, I might infer only that this rule applies when the entire vineyard is sown with incompatible species! But, how do I know that [the prohibition applies to] even a single fruit-bearing vine [sown, say, in a wheat field]? The Teaching states: “A vineyard” (Dt.22:9)— [containing] any number [of vines].131Cf. M. Kil. 4:6.
How, furthermore, do I know that grapes of a vineyard sown with incompatible species are prohibited for benefit? The term, prohibited, appears here (Dt.22:9), and the term, prohibited, appears elsewhere (Lv.5:15). Just as [the grapes] prohibited elsewhere are forbidden for benefit, do, too, [the grapes] prohibited here are [prohibited] for benefit.
3. “Lest you prohibit the whole of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9). At what point [in its growth] is the whole of the seed prohibited? When it strikes root. [This criterion holds for grain or greens,] but as for grapes— when they are the size of white beans.132= M. Kil.7:7.
“Of the seed” (Dt.22:9)— excluding from the rule seed [sown inadvertently] in manure or by watering the field. If one was sowing seed [in one field], and it was blown down-wind [to another]— [what is the application of the rule]?133Cf. M. Kil. 5:7. Is it possible for me to exempt from the rule the case of one who was sowing seed, and it was blown down-wind? The Teaching states: “Of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9)— [The rule is limited to fields intentionally sown in violation of the rule].
As for one who maintains thorns in a vineyard— R. Eliezer says: He has placed it under prohibition, for it is said: “Of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9)— [and maintaining the thorns is like sowing them]. But sages say: “Of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9)— this excludes the case of one who maintains thorns in a vineyard [since the thorns are neither seed nor are they sown].134// M. Kil. 5:8.
4. “Lest you prohibit the whole of the seed you have sown, and the yield” (Dt.22:9). At what point in its growth is the yield prohibited? When it strikes root. [This holds for grain and greens,] But as for grapes— When they are the size of white beans.135= M. Kil. 7:7 and Pisqa’ 230.3.
I might infer that the rule only applies to a vineyard that is actually productive. How do I know that it may also apply to a vineyard that is barren? The Teaching states: “A vineyard” (Dt.22:9)— of any sort. I might infer that the rule only applies to your own [Israelite] field. How do I know that it may also apply to fields owned by [gentile] others? The Teaching states: “You may not sow . . . with incompatible species’ (Dt.22:9)— in any [field, owned by anyone].
One who extends the tendril of a grape vine over seed of an incompatible species— even [if the extension covers] a distance of a hundred cubits— the vine and its fruit are prohibited under the rule.136=T. Kil. 4:10.
5. “You may not plow with an ox and an ass as one” (Dt.22:10)— is it possible to say that you can’t plow with this one on its own, and then with that one on its own? The Teaching states: “As one” (Dt.22:10)— however, plowing with this one on its own, and then with that one on its own is permitted.
Another word: “Incompatible species” (Dt.22:9)— [species implies a minimum of two]. This places a vineyard under the rule as well as a field [of wheat or greens].
Another word: “Lest you prohibit the whole of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9)— lest you impose a prohibition upon all of it: As was explained by R. Josiah.
6. “Of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9)— I might assume that the rule only applies to seed sown by him. How do I know that the rule applies as well where his companion has done the sowing, but the owner of the field desires to maintain it? The Teaching states: “You have sown” (Dt.22:9)— by anyone, [acceptable to both parties].137The text at 230.5-6 is missing from several early copies. See F:263, n.11.
(דברים כב ט) לֹא תִזְרַע כַּרְמְךָ כִּלְאָיִם, מָה אֲנִי צָרִיךְ? וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר (ויקרא יט יט) ״שָׂדְךָ לֹא תִזְרַע כִּלְאָיִם״! מְלַמֵּד שֶׁכָּל הַמְקַיֵּם כִּלְאַיִם בַּכֶּרֶם עוֹבֵר בִּשְׁנֵי לָאוִים.
Pisqa’ 230128H:240-241; JN2:142-143.
1. “You may not sow your vineyard with incompatible species
lest you prohibit129Heb: tiqdash. In this context, the root q-d-sh has the sense of “taboo” and refers to produce the use of which is forbidden until it is deconsecrated. the whole” (Dt.22:9).
Do I need to know this?
Isn’t it already stated:
“Your field you may not sow
with incompatible species” (Lv.19:19)?
[The redundancy] teaches that
whoever maintains a vineyard
with incompatible species
transgresses two proscriptions:
[One concerning a vineyard (Dt.22:9)
and one concerning a field (Lv.19:19)].130Cf. Sifra, qedoshim, per. 4:16
אֵין לִי אֶלָּא כֶּרֶם שָׁלֵם. מִנַּיִן אֲפִלּוּ גֶּפֶן יְחִידִי וְעוֹשֶׂה פֵּרוֹת? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר כֶּרֶם, מִכָּל מָקוֹם.
2. Now, I might infer only that
this rule applies when the entire vineyard is sown
with incompatible species!
But, how do I know that
[the prohibition applies to]
even a single fruit-bearing vine
[sown, say, in a wheat field]?
The Teaching states:
“A vineyard” (Dt.22:9)—
[containing] any number [of vines].131Cf. M. Kil. 4:6.
מִנַּיִן לְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁאֲסוּרִים בַּהֲנָיָה? נֶאֱמַר כָּאן תִּקְדַּשׁ, וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן (ויקרא ה טו) ״קֹדֶשׁ״ – מָה קֹדֶשׁ הָאָמוּר לְהַלָּן אָסוּר בַּהֲנָיָה, אַף קֹדֶשׁ הָאָמוּר כָּאן אָסוּר בַּהֲנָיָה.
How, furthermore, do I know that
grapes of a vineyard sown with incompatible species
are prohibited for benefit?
The term, prohibited, appears here (Dt.22:9),
and the term, prohibited, appears elsewhere (Lv.5:15).
Just as [the grapes] prohibited elsewhere
are forbidden for benefit,
do, too, [the grapes] prohibited here
are [prohibited] for benefit.
פֶּן תִּקְדַּשׁ הַמְלֵאָה הַזֶּרַע, מֵאֵימָתַי הַמְלֵאָה הַזֶּרַע מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת? – מִשֶּׁתַּשְׁרִישׁ, וַעֲנָבִים? – מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשׂוּ כְּפוֹל לָבָן.
3. “Lest you prohibit the whole of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9).
At what point [in its growth] is
the whole of the seed prohibited? When it strikes root.
[This criterion holds for grain or greens,]
but as for grapes—
when they are the size of white beans.132= M. Kil.7:7.
הַזֶּרַע – פְּרָט לְזֶרַע שֶׁיָּצָא עִם הַזְּבָלִים אוֹ עִם הַמַּיִם, הַזּוֹרֵעַ וְהָרוּחַ מְסַעַרְתּוֹ. יָכוֹל שֶׁאֲנִי מוֹצִיא הַזּוֹרֵעַ וְהָרוּחַ מְסַיַּעְתּוֹ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: אֲשֶׁר תִּזְרָע.
“Of the seed” (Dt.22:9)—
excluding from the rule seed [sown inadvertently]
in manure or by watering the field.
If one was sowing seed [in one field],
and it was blown down-wind [to another]—
[what is the application of the rule]? 133Cf. M. Kil. 5:7.
Is it possible for me to exempt from the rule
the case of one who was sowing seed,
and it was blown down-wind?
The Teaching states:
“Of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9)—
[The rule is limited to fields intentionally sown
in violation of the rule].
הַמְקַיֵּם קוֹצִים בַּכֶּרֶם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: קָדַשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אֲשֶׁר תִּזְרָע, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: זֶרַע פְּרָט לַמְקַיֵּם קוֹצִים בַּכֶּרֶם.
As for one who maintains thorns in a vineyard—
R. Eliezer says:
He has placed it under prohibition,
for it is said:
“Of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9)—
[and maintaining the thorns is like sowing them].
But sages say:
“Of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9)—
this excludes the case of
one who maintains thorns in a vineyard
[since the thorns are neither seed nor are they sown]. 134// M. Kil. 5:8.
וּתְבוּאַת הַכָּרֶם, מֵאֵימָתַי הַתְּבוּאָה מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת? מִשֶּׁתַּשְׁרִישׁ, וַעֲנָבִים מִשֶּׁיַּעֲלוּ כְּפוֹל לָבָן.
4. “Lest you prohibit the whole of the seed you have sown, and the yield” (Dt.22:9).
At what point in its growth is the yield prohibited? When it strikes root.
[This holds for grain and greens,]
But as for grapes—
When they are the size of white beans.135= M. Kil. 7:7 and Pisqa’ 230.3.
אֵין לִי אֶלָּא כֶּרֶם שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה פֵּרוֹת, כֶּרֶם שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה פֵּרוֹת מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: כֶּרֶם, מִכָּל מָקוֹם. אֵין לִי אֶלָּא כֶּרֶם שֶׁלְּךָ, כֶּרֶם שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: לֹא תִזְרַע כַּרְמְךָ כִּלְאָיִם, מִכָּל מָקוֹם.
I might infer that
the rule only applies to a vineyard that is actually productive.
How do I know that it may also apply
to a vineyard that is barren?
The Teaching states:
“A vineyard” (Dt.22:9)—
of any sort.
I might infer that
the rule only applies to your own [Israelite] field.
How do I know that it may also apply
to fields owned by [gentile] others?
The Teaching states:
“You may not sow . . . with incompatible species’ (Dt.22:9)—
in any [field, owned by anyone].
הַמּוֹתֵחַ זְמוֹרָה שֶׁל גֶּפֶן עַל גַּבֵּי זְרָעִים, אֲפִלּוּ מֵאָה אַמָּה – הַגֶּפֶן אֲסוּרָה וּפֵירוֹתֶיהָ.
One who extends the tendril of a grape vine
over seed of an incompatible species—
even [if the extension covers] a distance of a hundred cubits—
the vine and its fruit are prohibited under the rule.136=T. Kil. 4:10.
[(דברים כב י) לֹא תַחֲרֹשׁ בְּשׁוֹר וַחֲמֹר –] יָכוֹל לֹא יַחֲרֹשׁ עַל זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, וְעַל זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: יַחְדָּו. אֲבָל זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ – מֻתָּר.
5. “You may not plow with an ox and an ass as one” (Dt.22:10)—
is it possible to say that
you can’t plow with this one on its own,
and then with that one on its own?
The Teaching states:
“As one” (Dt.22:10)—
however, plowing with this one on its own,
and then with that one on its own is permitted.
דָּבָר אַחֵר: ״כִּלְאַיִם״ – לְחַיֵּב מִשּׁוּם כֶּרֶם וּמִשּׁוּם שָׂדֶה.
Another word:
“Incompatible species” (Dt.22:9)—
[species implies a minimum of two].
This places a vineyard under the rule
as well as a field [of wheat or greens].
דָּבָר אַחֵר: ״פֶּן תִּקְדַּשׁ הַמְלֵאָה״ – פֶּן תֵּאָסֵר הַמְלֵאָה, כְּדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יֹאשִׁיָּה.
Another word:
“Lest you prohibit the whole of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9)—
lest you impose a prohibition upon all of it:
As was explained by R. Josiah.
אֲשֶׁר תִּזְרַע, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא שֶׁזָּרַע הוּא. זָרַע חֲבֵירוֹ וְרָצָה לְקַיְּמוֹ מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: תִּזְרַע, מִכָּל מָקוֹם.
6. “Of the seed you have sown” (Dt.22:9)—
I might assume that the rule only applies
to seed sown by him.
How do I know that
the rule applies as well where his companion has done the sowing,
but the owner of the field desires to maintain it?
The Teaching states:
“You have sown” (Dt.22:9)—
by anyone, [acceptable to both parties].137The text at 230.5-6 is missing from several early copies. See F:263, n.11.