ספרי דברים 130

(דברים טז ג) לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: מִנַּיִן לָאוֹכֵל חָמֵץ מִשֵּׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת וּלְמַעְלָה, שֶׁעוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ.

Pisqa’ 130⁴²³H:174; JN1:317-318
1. “You shall not eat leavened-food ⁴²⁴Heb: khametz.with it” (Dt.16:3).
R. Judah says:
How do we know that
one who eats leavened-food on Passover eve
from the sixth [daylight] hour onward,
transgresses a proscription?⁴²⁵//T. Pes. 1:8; Mechilta Ishmael, paskha’, 17.
The Teaching states:
“You shall not eat leavened-food with it” (Dt.16:3).

אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: יָכוֹל כֵּן הוּא הַדָּבָר? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ, שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תֹּאכַל עָלָיו מַצּוֹת – אֶת שֶׁהוּא בְּקוּם אֱכֹל מַצָּה – הֲרֵי הוּא בְּבַל תֹּאכַל חָמֵץ, אֶת שֶׁאֵינוֹ בְּקוּם אֱכֹל מַצָּה – אֵינוֹ בְּבַל תֹּאכַל חָמֵץ.

Said R. Shimon:
Can this really be so?
The Teaching states:
“You shall not eat leavened-food with it . . .
Seven days shall you eat unleavened-bread ⁴²⁶Heb: matzah.with it” (Dt.16:3).
The person who stands ready [on Passover]
to eat unleavened-bread
also stands ready to
refrain from eating leavened-food.
Yet [on Passover eve],
when a person does not stand ready
to eat the unleavened-bread [until nightfall]—
he does not refrain from eating leavened-food
[until the sixth daylight hour].

לֶחֶם עֹנִי, פְּרָט לְחָלוּט וְלַאֲשִׁישָׁה.

2. “The bread of oppression (Dt.16:3)—
to the exclusion of scalded-bread or pancakes
[which the oppressed cannot afford].

יָכוֹל לֹא יְהֵא אָדָם יוֹצֵא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּפַת הַדְרָאָה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: מַצּוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ כְּמַצָּה שֶׁל שְׁלֹמֹה. אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר לֶחֶם עֹנִי? פְּרָט לְחָלוּט וַאֲשִׁישָׁה.

Is it possible to say that
a person does not meet his obligation
[to eat bread of oppression] with coal-baked bread?⁴²⁷Cf. T. Pes. 1:29 (ed. Zuckermandel); T. Pes. 2: 17 (ed. Lieberman).
The Teaching states:
“Unleavened bread” (Dt.16:3)—
including even the unleavened bread
[from the table] of King Solomon.
If this is so, why is it stated:
“Bread of oppression” (Dt.16:3)?
To the exclusion of scalded-bread or pancakes.

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: לָמָּה נִקְרָא לֶחֶם עֹנִי? אֶלָּא עַל שֵׁם עִנּוּי שֶׁנִּתְעַנּוּ בְּמִצְרַיִם.

R. Shimon says:
Why is it called “bread of oppression?”
Mainly, to recall the oppression we suffered
[while eating it] in Egypt.

כִּי בְחִפָּזוֹן יָצָאתָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, יָכוֹל חִפָּזוֹן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְמִצְרַיִם? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (שמות יא ז): ״וּלְכֹל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא יֶחֱרַץ כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ״. אֱמֹר מֵעַתָּה: לְמִצְרַיִם הָיָה חִפָּזוֹן, וְלֹא הָיָה חִפָּזוֹן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל.

3. “For you left the land of Egypt in a panic” (Dt.16:3).
Is it possible to say that
Both Israel and Egypt were in a panic?
The Teaching states:
“But not a dog will growl at the Israelites” (Ex.11:7).
Conclude from this verse that
Egypt was in a panic,
but Israel was not in a panic.

לְמַעַן תִּזְכֹּר אֶת יוֹם צֵאתְךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה: הֲרֵינִי כְּבֶן שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה, וְלֹא זָכִיתִי שֶׁתֵּאָמֵר יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם בַּלֵּילוֹת עַד שֶׁדְּרָשָׁהּ בֶּן זוֹמָא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לְמַעַן תִּזְכֹּר אֶת יוֹם צֵאתְךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ, יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ – הַיָּמִים, כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ – הַלֵּילוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ – הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ – לְהָבִיא אֶת יְמוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ.

“So that you may recall the
day of your liberation from the land of Egypt” (Dt.16:3).
This is what R. Elazar b. Azariah said:
Indeed, I am [as to learning] like a seventy-year-old,
but I was never able to grasp
why the liberation from Egypt should be recited at night,
until the son of Zoma expounded it as follows:
For it is said:
“So that you may recall
the day of your liberation from the land of Egypt
all the days of your life” (Dt.16:3)—
The days of your life might have meant
[to recall the liberation only]
during the days;
all the days of your life includes
[recalling the liberation even]
during the nights.
But sages say:
The days of your life might have meant
[to recall the liberation only]
in this eon;
all the days of your life includes
[recalling the liberation even]
in the messianic days.⁴²⁸//M. Ber. 1:5; T. Ber. 1:12. This passage has a close parallel in the Passover Haggadah.