(Numb. 13:24:) “That place was called Wadi Eshcol.” This text is related (to Is. 46:10), “Declaring the end from the beginning, and from of old, things that have not yet happened,” in that everything is foreseen by the Holy One, blessed be He.34Numb. R. 16:16. Eshcol (according to Gen. 14:24) was Abraham's friend, and he was called Eshcol because of the grape cluster (eshkol), which Israel was going to cut from his place in his name. (Numb. 13:26-28:) “Then they went and came unto Moses and unto Aaron…. And they recounted to him and said, ‘We came unto the land …. However [the people who dwell in the land] are strong….’” Such is the way of those who recount slander.35Numb. R. 16:17. They open with what is good and finish with what is ill. (Numb. 13:29:) “Amalek dwells in the land [of the Negeb].” What [reason] did they see for opening with Amalek?36Numb. R. 16:18. A parable: To what is the matter comparable? To a child who misbehaves and is beaten with a strap. When they wanted to intimidate him, they reminded him of the strap. Similarly Amalek had been an evil strap for Israel. What [reason] did he see to post himself upon the border in the way of Israel’s entrance into the land? It is simply because his ancestor, Esau, had so commanded him in order to forestall them in their way. So he uprooted [himself] from his place and posted himself on the way, as stated (Numb. 14:45) “And there went down the Amalekite, and the Canaanite, who dwelt in that mountain.”37On this reading, Amalek used to dwell in the mountains, but came down to block Israel’s passage. (Numb. 13:29, cont.:) “And the Canaanite dwells by the sea and along the Jordan.” These are the mighty ones dwelling on the way. Therefore the spies intended to break the heart of Israel, as stated (in Numb. 32:9), “they turned away the heart of the Children of Israel.”
לַמָּקוֹם הַהוּא קָרָא נַחַל אֶשְׁכּוֹל. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: מַגִּיד מֵרֵאשִׁית אַחֲרִית וּמִקֶּדֶם אֲשֶׁר לֹא נַעֲשׂוּ (ישעיה מו, י), שֶׁהַכֹּל הָיָה צָפוּי לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא. אֶשְׁכּוֹל אוֹהֲבוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם הָיָה, וְנִקְרָא אֶשְׁכּוֹל, עַל אוֹדוֹת הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁעֲתִידִים יִשְׂרָאֵל לִכְרֹת מִמְּקוֹמוֹ. וַיֵּלְכוּ וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶל מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל אַהֲרֹן וְגוֹ', וַיְסַפְּרוּ לוֹ וַיֹּאמְרוּ, בָּאנוּ אֶל הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר שְׁלַחְתָּנוּ וְגוֹ', אֶפֶס כִּי עַז הָעָם. כָּךְ דַּרְכָּם שֶׁל מְסַפְּרֵי לָשׁוֹן הָרַע, פּוֹתְחִין בְּטוֹבָה וּמַשְׁלִימִין בְּרָעָה. עֲמָלֵק יוֹשֵׁב בָּאָרֶץ. מָה רָאוּ לִפְתֹּחַ בַּעֲמָלֵק. מָשָׁל לְמָה הַדָּבָר דּוֹמֶה. לְתִינוֹק שֶׁסָּרַח וְלָקָה בִּרְצוּעָה. כְּשֶׁמְּבַקְּשִׁין לְהַפְחִידוֹ, מַזְכִּירִין לוֹ הָרְצוּעָה שֶׁלָּקָה בָּהּ. כָּךְ הָיָה עֲמָלֵק רְצוּעָה רָעָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. וּמָה רָאָה לֵישֵׁב לוֹ עַל הַסְּפָר עַל דֶּרֶךְ כְּנִיסָתָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל לָאָרֶץ. אֶלָּא כָּךְ צִוָּהוּ עֵשָׂו זְקֵנוֹ לְקַדְּמָן לַדֶּרֶךְ. וְעָקַר מִמְּקוֹמוֹ וְיָשַׁב לוֹ בַּדֶּרֶךְ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיֵּרֶד הָעֲמָלֵקִי וְהַכְּנַעֲנִי הַיֹּשֵב בָּהָר הַהוּא (במדבר יד, מה). וְהַכְּנַעֲנִי יוֹשֵׁב עַל הַיָּם, אֵלּוּ הַגִּבּוֹרִים יוֹשְׁבִין עַל הַדֶּרֶךְ וְעַל יַד הַיַּרְדֵּן. כָּךְ נִתְכַּוְּנוּ הַמְּרַגְּלִים לִשְׁבֹּר לִבָּן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְיָנִיאוּ אֶת לֵב בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.
(Numb. 13:24:) “That place was called Wadi Eshcol.” This text is related (to Is. 46:10), “Declaring the end from the beginning, and from of old, things that have not yet happened,” in that everything is foreseen by the Holy One, blessed be He.34Numb. R. 16:16. Eshcol (according to Gen. 14:24) was Abraham's friend, and he was called Eshcol because of the grape cluster (eshkol), which Israel was going to cut from his place in his name. (Numb. 13:26-28:) “Then they went and came unto Moses and unto Aaron…. And they recounted to him and said, ‘We came unto the land …. However [the people who dwell in the land] are strong….’” Such is the way of those who recount slander.35Numb. R. 16:17. They open with what is good and finish with what is ill. (Numb. 13:29:) “Amalek dwells in the land [of the Negeb].” What [reason] did they see for opening with Amalek?36Numb. R. 16:18. A parable: To what is the matter comparable? To a child who misbehaves and is beaten with a strap. When they wanted to intimidate him, they reminded him of the strap. Similarly Amalek had been an evil strap for Israel. What [reason] did he see to post himself upon the border in the way of Israel’s entrance into the land? It is simply because his ancestor, Esau, had so commanded him in order to forestall them in their way. So he uprooted [himself] from his place and posted himself on the way, as stated (Numb. 14:45) “And there went down the Amalekite, and the Canaanite, who dwelt in that mountain.”37On this reading, Amalek used to dwell in the mountains, but came down to block Israel’s passage. (Numb. 13:29, cont.:) “And the Canaanite dwells by the sea and along the Jordan.” These are the mighty ones dwelling on the way. Therefore the spies intended to break the heart of Israel, as stated (in Numb. 32:9), “they turned away the heart of the Children of Israel.”