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קדושים 4

Midrash Tanchuma Buber · Kedoshim, Chapter 4

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    [ד"א דבר אל כל עדת בני ישראל] קדושים תהיו כי קדוש אני. א"ל הקב"ה היו קדושים כשם שאני קדוש בכל דבר, ראה מה כתיב כי אלהים קדושים הוא (יהושע כד יט), מהו כרי אלהים קדושים הוא, פסוק זה פתח הוא למינין שנראה כשתי רשויות, שאלו המינין את ר' שמלאי מהו כי אלהים קדושים, אין אתם אומרים שהוא רשות אחד, הרי שתי רשויות הן, אמר להם שוטים שבעולם [ראו מה כתיב כי אלהים קדושים הוא], אילו אמר כי אלהים קדושים הם, אתם אומרים שתי רשויות הם, [ומה אלהים קדושים], אמר ר' ברכיה בשם ר' אבא מהו קדושים הוא, שהוא קדוש בכל מיני קדושות, כיצד אמר ר' אחא בר חנינא דבורו בקדושה, שנאמר אלהים דבר בקדשו (תהלים ס ח), דרכו בקדושה, שנאמר אלהים בקדש דרכך (תהלים עז יד), נראה בקדושה, שנאמר כן בקדש חזיתיך (שם סג ג), קילוסו בקדושה שנאמר מי כמוכה נאדר בקדש (שמות טו יא). חשיפת זרועו בקדושה, שנאמר חשף ה' וגו' (ישעיה נב י), הוי קדושים הוא, שהוא קדוש בכל מיני קדושות.

    [Another interpretation (of Lev. 19:2:) SPEAK UNTO THE WHOLE CONGREGATION OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL,] < AND SAY UNTO THEM: > YOU SHALL BE HOLY, BECAUSE I< , THE LORD YOUR GOD, > AM HOLY. The Holy One said to them: Be holy just as I am holy in every respect.11Tanh., Gen. 1:7; Lev. 7:4; above, Gen. 1:7. See what is written (in Josh. 24:19): FOR HE IS A HOLY GOD (in the plural).12The words, HOLY and GOD, are both plural in the Hebrew. What is the meaning of FOR HE IS A HOLY GOD (in the plural)? This verse < provides > an opening for the heretics (minim), in that he seems like two powers.13Alan F. Segal, Two Powers in Heaven: Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and Gnosticism (“Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity,” 25; Leiden: Brill, 1977), p. 121. The heretics asked R. Simlay: What is the meaning of FOR HE IS HOLY GOD?14See above, Tanh. (Buber), Gen. 1:7; and the parallels listed there. Do you not say that he is one power? See, here are < at least > two powers. He said to them: You idiots! [See what is written: FOR HE IS A HOLY GOD (in the plural). You would say: They are < at least > two powers, [for why are GOD and HOLY plural?] R. Berekhyah said in the name of R. Abba: What is the meaning of HE IS A HOLY < GOD > (with HOLY in the plural)? That he is holy in all categories of holiness. How? R. Aha bar Hanina said: His speech is in holiness, as stated (in Ps. 60:8 [6]): GOD SPOKE IN HIS HOLINESS (i.e., in the Holy Place, the Temple). His way is in holiness, as stated (in Ps. 77:14 [13]): YOUR WAY, O GOD, IS IN HOLINESS (i.e., in the Holy Place). He is seen in holiness, as stated (in Ps. 63:3 [2]): SO I HAVE BEHELD YOU IN HOLINESS, (i.e., in the Holy Place). His praise15Gk.: kalos (“beautifully”). is in holiness, as stated (in Exod. 15:11): WHO IS LIKE YOU, GLORIOUS IN HOLINESS? The uncovering of his arm is in holiness, as stated (in Is. 52:10): THE LORD HAS UNCOVERED < HIS ARM OF HOLINESS >. Ergo (in Josh. 24:19) HE IS A HOLY GOD (with HOLY in the plural), because he is holy in all categories of holiness.

Hebrew: Midrash Tanhuma haKadum veHaYashan, S. Buber, 1885 · Public Domain

English: Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension; trans. by John T. Townsend, 1989. · CC-BY

Texts from Sefaria.