“Esau was forty years old, and he took as a wife Yehudit, daughter of Be'eri the Hitite, and Basmat, daughter of Elon the Hitite” (Genesis 26:34). “Esau was forty years old” – that is what is written: “The swine from the forest gnaws at it” (Psalms 80:14). Rabbi Pinḥas in the name of Rabbi Simon: Of all the prophets, only two of them publicized it1The qualities of the evil empire of Rome. – Moses and Asaf. Moses said: “The pig because it has a split hoof” (Deuteronomy 14:8). Asaf said: “The swine from the forest gnaws at it.” Why does he analogize it to a pig? Just as this pig, when it lies, it extends its hooves, saying: ‘I am pure,’ so, this evil empire robs and takes forcibly, [yet] it appears as though it is arranging the courtroom. So, Esau, all forty years, would ensnare married women and violate them. When he reached forty years of age, he likened himself to his father. He said: ‘Just as Father took a wife at forty years of age, I, too, will take a wife at forty years of age.’ That is what is written: “Esau was forty years old.”
“He took as a wife Yehudit” – Rabbi Yudan began: “God settles the lonely in a home…” (Psalms 68:7). This is the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, as Rabbi Yehuda said: ‘Even if there is a mamzer at the end of the world and a mamzeret at the end of the world, the Holy One blessed be He brings them and matches them with one another.’ What is its source? “God settles the lonely in a home.” So, because it is written: “Rather, you shall destroy them: The Hittite, the Emorite” (Deuteronomy 20:17) – let this one, may his name be blotted out, come and marry that one, may her name be blotted out. “Esau was forty years old, and he took…”
“Every raven after its kind” (Leviticus 11:15) – in the days of Rabbi Ḥiyya Rabba, a certain starling ascended to the Land of Israel. They took it and carried it to him. They said to him: ‘Is it permitted to eat it?’ He said to them: ‘Go and place it on the roof; any bird that comes and alights next to it, it is of that species.’ They went and placed it on the roof and an Egyptian raven alighted next to it. He said: ‘It is impure, as it is of that species. That is what is written: “Every raven after its kind.”’ They said:2Meaning, this is a known phrase. ‘The raven went to the starling only because it is of the same species.’ So, because it is written: “Rather, you shall destroy them” (Deuteronomy 20:17) – let this one, may his name be blotted out, come and marry that one, may her name be blotted out. “Esau was forty years old.”
“They were a source of bitterness for Isaac and for Rebecca” (Genesis 26:35). “They were a source of bitterness” – why for Isaac first? Because Rebecca was the daughter of idolaters, she was not particular about the filth of idol worship. But this one, because he was the son of the holy, he was particular about the filth of idol worship. That is why it was for Isaac first. Another matter, why for Isaac first? It is because the matter was attributable to her, as it is stated: “The Lord said to her: Two peoples are in your womb” (Genesis 25:23).3It was because of her lineage that one of the twins was wicked. That is why it was for Isaac first. Another matter, why for Isaac first? It is because it is the way of women to sit inside the house, and the way of men to go out on the road and learn understanding from people. But this one, because his eyes dimmed, and he was sitting inside the house, that is why it was for Isaac first. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: He [Esau] caused the Divine Spirit to depart from his parent.
“It was when Isaac was old, and his eyes dimmed from seeing, he summoned Esau his elder son, and said to him: My son, and he said to him: Here I am” (Genesis 27:1). “It was when Isaac was old” – Rabbi Yitzḥak began: “Those who exonerate the wicked due to [ekev] a bribe” (Isaiah 5:23) – anyone who takes a bribe and exonerates the wicked – ultimately.4He will ultimately be punished. “And remove the innocence of the righteous from him” (Isaiah 5:23) – “the innocence of the righteous” – this is Moses.5The Matnot Kehuna explains that Moses did not justify an evil person. Rather he called the person who wanted to strike his friend an evil person. See Exodus 2:13. “Remove…from him” – this is Isaac. Because he exonerated the wicked,6He loved Esau. his eyes dimmed – “it was when Isaac was old, [and his eyes dimmed…].”
“One who exonerates the wicked and one who condemns the righteous, both of them are an abomination to the Lord” (Proverbs 17:15) – Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: It was not because Rebecca loved Jacob more than Esau that she performed this action, but she said: ‘Let him [Esau] not enter and mislead that elder [Isaac],’ based on: “Both of them are an abomination to the Lord.” Because he exonerated the wicked, his eyes dimmed – “it was when Isaac was old, and his eyes dimmed.”
Rabbi Yitzḥak began: “You shall not take a bribe [for bribes blind the clear-sighted…]” (Exodus 23:8) – Rabbi Yitzḥak said: If one who took a bribe from one who owed him,7Esau owed Isaac due to the mitzva of honoring one’s father. his eyes dimmed, one who takes a bribe from one who does not owe him, all the more so – “it was when Isaac was old.”
Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa began: “Much, Lord my God, You have done; Your wonders…” (Psalms 40:6) – Rabbi Ḥanina said: All the actions and thoughts that you performed on our behalf, were for our benefit. Why did Isaac’s eyes dim? It was so Jacob could come and take the blessings – “it was when Isaac was old.”
Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon said: Abraham demanded aging. He said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, a man and his son enter a place and no one knows which of them to honor. Because you adorn him with aging, a person knows whom to honor.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘As you live, you have demanded a good thing, and it will begin with you.’ From the beginning of the book until that point, aging is not written. When Abraham stood, He granted him aging – “Abraham was old” (Genesis 24:1). Isaac demanded suffering. He said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, a person dies without suffering, the attribute of justice is outstretched against him. When you bring suffering upon him, the attribute of justice is not outstretched against him.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘As you live, you have demanded a good thing, and I will begin with you.’ From the beginning of the book until here, suffering is not written. When Isaac stood, He granted him suffering – “it was when Isaac was old, and [his eyes] dimmed.” Jacob demanded illness. He said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, a person dies without illness and does not settle matters between his children. When he is ill for two or three days, he settles matters between his children.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘As you live, you have demanded a good thing, and it will begin with you’ – “One said to Joseph: Behold, your father is ill” (Genesis 48:1). Rabbi Levi said: Abraham introduced aging, Isaac introduced suffering, Jacob introduced illness, Hezekiah introduced illness that is cured. He said to Him: ‘You would sustain one until the day of his death.8In good health. But because a person is ill and recovers, is ill and recovers, he repents.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘As you live, you have demanded a good thing.’ That is what is written: “A composition of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he became ill and recovered from his illness” (Isaiah 38:9). Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: From here [we learn], that between illness and illness, there was an illness that was more severe than both of them.
“His eyes dimmed from seeing” – Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya said: From seeing evil– from seeing the evil of the wicked one. The Holy One blessed be He said: ‘Isaac will walk out to the marketplace and the people will say: This is the father of that wicked one. Instead, I will dim his eyes and he will remain inside his house.’ That is what is written: “With the rise of the wicked, a person should hide” (Proverbs 28:28). From here they said: Anyone who produces a wicked son or a wicked student, ultimately his eyes will dim. A wicked student, from Aḥiya the Shilonite – “Aḥiyahu was unable to see, for his eyes had dimmed due to his old age” (I Kings 14:4); he had produced Yerovam, a wicked student. A wicked son, from Isaac – “it was when Isaac was old, and his eyes dimmed.” Another matter. “from seeing [mereot]” – as a result of that sight [re’iya]; when Abraham our patriarch bound his son atop the altar, the ministering angels wept. That is what is written: “Behold, their angels cry out outside…” (Isaiah 33:7). Tears fell from their eyes into his eyes, and they had an effect inside his eyes. When he grew old, his eyes dimmed. That is what is written: “It was when Isaac was old…” Another matter. “from seeing [mereot]” – as a result of that sight [re’iya]; when Abraham our patriarch bound his son atop the altar, he [Isaac] directed his eyes heavenward and looked at the Divine Presence. They say a parable, to what is the matter comparable? It is comparable to a king who was strolling at the entrance of his palace and glanced and saw his friend’s son peering at him through the window.9It was forbidden to look at the king. He said: ‘If I kill him, I will now cause my friend to collapse. Instead, I will decree that his windows should be sealed.’ So, when Abraham our patriarch bound his son atop the altar, he directed his eyes and looked at the Divine Presence. The Holy One blessed be He said: ‘If I kill him, I will now cause Abraham my friend to collapse. Instead, I decree that his eyes will dim.’ When he grew old, his eyes dimmed – “it was when Isaac was old…”
“He summoned Esau his elder son” – Rabbi Elazar bar Shimon said: This is analogous to a province that made a list of mighty people for the king.10To serve in his army. There was a certain woman there who gave birth to a puny son, and she would call her son: Tall and Quick. She said to them: 'My son is tall and quick, but you do not conscript him?' They said: 'If, in your eyes, he is tall and quick, in our eyes he is puniest of the puny.' So, his father called him great [gadol], as it is stated: “He called Esau, his elder [hagadol] son” (Genesis 27:1). His mother called him great [gadol], as it is stated: “The garments of Esau, her elder [hagadol] son” (Genesis 27:15). The Holy One blessed be He said to them: ‘If, in your eyes, he is great, in My eyes, he is insignificant,’ as it is stated: “Behold, I rendered you insignificant among the nations, you are greatly despised” (Obadiah 1:2).11The prophecy was given with respect to Edom, the nation descended from Esau. Rabbi Berekhya said: The slaughterer corresponds to the bull.12He is called great based on the fact that his slaughterer, the Holy One blessed be He, is great. That is what is written: “There is a sacrifice for the Lord in Botzra and a great [gadol] slaughter in the land of Edom” (Isaiah 34:6). “And said to him: My son, and he said to him: Here I am” – that is what is written: “When he ingratiates with his voice, do not trust him…” (Proverbs 26:25). Ḥizkiyahu the translator said: “As there are seven abominations in his heart” (Proverbs 26:25). [When] you find one “abomination” written in the Torah, ten [sins] are written in its regard: “There shall not be found among you anyone who passes his son or his daughter through the fire…an enchanter, a medium, an oracle, [or a necromancer, one who casts spells, or one who consults ghosts or familiar spirits, or one who inquires of the dead; for anyone who performs these things is an abomination to the Lord]”13The list consists of nine categories, rather than ten; Maharzu explains that the son and the daughter passed through fire are counted separately, to make ten. (Deuteronomy 18:10–12). Here, where “seven” is written, all the more so. That is, “as there are seven abominations,” [means that] there are seventy abominations “in his heart.”
“He said: Behold, I have now grown old; I do not know the day of my death” (Genesis 27:2). Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa said: When a person reaches the age of his parents, five years before or five years after, he should be concerned about death, as Isaac said: ‘If I will reach the years of Father, now there are many remaining; if I will reach the years of my mother: “He said [to him]: Behold, I have now grown old; I do not know the day of my death.”14Isaac was 123 years old. Abraham died at age 175 and Sarah died at age 127. It is taught: There are seven matters that are obscured from people: The day of [their] death; the day of consolation;15The redemption (Etz Yosef). the profundity of justice; a person does not know through what he will profit; a person does not know what is in the heart of another; a person does not know what the woman is carrying in her pregnancy; and when the evil empire will fall. The day of death, from where is it derived? It is as it is written: “For a person, too, does not know his time” (Ecclesiastes 9:12). The day of consolation, from where is it derived? It is as it is written: “At its time, I will hasten it” (Isaiah 60:22). A person does not know the profundity of justice, as it is stated: “For judgment is God’s” (Deuteronomy 1:17). A person does not know through what he will profit, as it is written: “It is the gift of God” (Ecclesiastes 3:13). A person does not know what is in the heart of another, as it is written: “I, the Lord, probe the heart” (Jeremiah 17:10). A person does not know what the woman is carrying in her pregnancy, as it is written: “[You do not know]…how the fetuses grow in a womb of the pregnant” (Ecclesiastes 11:5). And when the evil empire will fall, as it is written: “For a day of vengeance is in My heart” (Isaiah 63:4).
“Now, please take your gear, your quiver and your bow, and go out to the field, and hunt game for me” (Genesis 27:3). “Now, please take your gear” – sharpen your hunting tools, so you will not feed me unslaughtered carcasses or mauled animals. Take your hunting tools, so you will not feed me stolen or forcibly-taken items. “Your quiver [telyekha]” – he said to him: ‘The blessings are pending [teluyot]. The one who is worthy to be blessed, he will be blessed.’ Another matter, “please take your gear [kelekha],” this is Babylon – “and he brought the vessels to the treasure house of his god” (Daniel 1:2). “Your quiver [telyekha],” this is Media – “they hanged [vayitlu] Haman on the gibbet” (Esther 7:10). “Your bow,” this is Greece [Yavan] – “for I bend Judah for Me as a bow […on your children Yavan]” (Zechariah 9:13). “And go out to the field,” this is Edom – “to the land of Se’ir, the field of Edom” (Genesis 32:4). “Prepare for me delicacies, as I like, and bring it to me, and I will eat; so that my soul will bless you before I die” (Genesis 27:4). “Prepare for me delicacies” – Rabbi Eliezer said in the name of Rabbi Yosei bar Zimra: Three matters were stated regarding the tree from which Adam, the first man, ate: Good for eating, beautiful to the eyes, and adds wisdom. The three of them were stated in one verse: “The woman saw that the tree was good for eating” (Genesis 3:6) – from here [we learn] that it is good for eating; “and that it was enticing to the eyes” (Genesis 3:6) – from here [we learn] that it was beautiful to the eyes; “a source of wisdom [lehaskil]” (Genesis 3:6) – from here [we learn] that it adds wisdom, just as it says: “A contemplation [maskil] by Eitan” (Psalms 89:1). Likewise, Isaac said: “Prepare for me delicacies [matamim].” He said to him: ‘Initially, I would enjoy the sight, but now I enjoy only the taste [hataam].’ Likewise, Solomon said: “With the increase of goodness, its eaters increase; [and what use is it to its owner other than the sight of his eyes?]” (Ecclesiastes 5:10)16When someone is wealthy, his household is large and his food expenditures are great. He enjoys only the sight of the food. – from here [we learn] that the blind are not sated. One who sees an empty basket and is hungry is unlike one who sees a full basket and is sated.17Somebody who sees an empty basket feels hungry, while somebody who sees a full basket does not feel hungry, since he knows that there will be food when he is hungry. “Rebecca heard as Isaac spoke to Esau his son. Esau went to the field to hunt game to bring” (Genesis 27:5). “Esau went to the field to hunt game to bring” – if he finds, excellent, but if not, “to bring” – from stolen or forcibly-taken items.
“Rebecca said to Jacob her son, saying: Behold, I heard your father speak to Esau your brother, saying” (Genesis 27:6). “Bring me game, and prepare me tasty food and I will eat, and I will bless you before the Lord before my death” (Genesis 27:7). “Now, my son, heed my voice to what I am commanding you” (Genesis 27:8). “Go now to the flock, and take for me from there two fine goat kids, and I will make of them tasty food for your father, like that he likes” (Genesis 27:9). “Rebecca said to Jacob…. Bring me game…. Now, my son, heed my voice…. Go now to the flock” – Rabbi Levi said: Go and see to the advancement of the nation that is likened to a flock, just as it says: “You are My flock, flock of My pasture” (Ezekiel 34:31). “Take for me from there two fine goat kids” – Rabbi Levi said: [Rebecca said:] ‘If you find, excellent, but if not, go and bring me from my dowry,’ as, so he [Isaac] wrote to her, that he would provide her with two goat kids each day. “Fine [tovim]” – Rabbi Ḥelbo said: Good [tovim] for you, as through them, you will take the blessings, and good for your descendants, as through them they will gain atonement on Yom Kippur, as it is written: “For on this day he shall atone…” (Leviticus 16:30).18Atonement was achieved through the offering of two goats on Yom Kippur.
“Jacob said to Rebecca his mother: Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy man, and I am a man of smooth skin” (Genesis 27:11). “Jacob said to Rebecca his mother: Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy [sa’ir] man” – a demon-like man, just as it says: “Demons [se’irim] will dance there” (Isaiah 13:21). “And I am a man of smooth [ḥalak] skin” –just as it says: “For the Lord's portion [ḥelek] is His people” (Deuteronomy 32:9). Rabbi Levi said: This is analogous to one with a full head of hair and a bald person who were standing at the edge of the threshing floor. The chaff went up onto the one with the full head of hair and became entangled in his hair. The chaff went up onto the bald person, and he placed his hand on his head and removed it. So, Esau the wicked is sullied with iniquities all the days of the year, and he has no means with which to gain atonement. But Jacob is sullied with iniquities all the days of the year, comes Yom Kippur, and he has the means with which to gain atonement, as it is stated: “For on this day he shall atone” (Leviticus 16:30). Rabbi Yitzḥak said: This is not related to that and that is not related this.19The verse is not related to that interpretation and that interpretation is not related to the verse. Rather,20The same conclusion can be reached from a different source. “the goat shall bear upon itself” (Leviticus 16:22) – this is Esau, as it is stated: “Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy [sa’ir] man.” “All their iniquities [avonotam]” (Leviticus 16:22) – the iniquities of the simple man [avonot tam], as it is stated: “Jacob was a simple [tam] man” (Genesis 25:27). “Perhaps my father will feel me, and I will be in his eyes as a deceiver, and I will bring upon myself a curse, and not a blessing” (Genesis 27:12). “Perhaps my father will feel me, and I will be in his eyes as a deceiver [metate’a]” – like a dead man [met], an aberration [to’eh],21Metate’a is an acronym for met and to’eh. and an idolater.22Anyone who distorts the truth in his speech it is as though he engages in idol worship (Sanhedrin 92a). “I will bring upon myself a curse” – even the one blessing that he is destined to bestow at the end,23See Genesis 28:4. he will not bestow it upon me. “His mother said to him: Your curse is upon me, my son; only heed my voice, and go, take for me” (Genesis 27:13). “His mother said to him: Your curse is upon me, my son” – Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Adam, who sinned, was it not his mother that was cursed, as it is stated: “The ground is cursed on your account”? (Genesis 3:17). You, too, “your curse is upon me, my son.” Rabbi Yitzḥak said: [Rebecca said:] ‘It is incumbent upon me to enter and say to your father: Jacob is righteous and Esau is wicked.’24It is incumbent upon me to see to it that there will be no curse at all. “He went, took, and brought to his mother, and his mother made tasty food, like that his father likes” (Genesis 27:14). “He went, took, and brought to his mother” – compelled, coerced, and weeping.
“Rebecca took the fine garments of Esau, her elder son, that were with her in the house, and she dressed Jacob her younger son” (Genesis 27:15). “Rebecca took the fine [haḥamudot] garments of Esau, her elder son” – what he had coveted [sheḥamad] from Nimrod, and he killed him and took them. That is what is written: “The wicked covets the prey of the evil” (Proverbs 12:12). “That were with her in the house” – in them he would attend his father. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: I attended my father all my days, and I did not attend him one one-hundredth of what Esau attended his father. When I would attend my father, I attended him with dirty garments, but when I would go out on the road, I would go out with clean garments. But Esau, when he would attend his father, he would attend him only with royal garments. He said: ‘It is not in keeping with Father’s honor to attend him in anything other than royal garments.’ That is what is written: “That were with her in the house.” How many wives did he [Esau] have, and you say: “That were with her in the house”? It is because he [Esau] knew what their [his wives’] actions were.25Esau did not trust his wives and therefore kept the special set of his clothing in his mother's house. Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: There was an incident involving a group of scoundrels in that Kefar Ḥatya, who were accustomed to eat and drink in the synagogue every Shabbat eve. When they finished eating they would take the bones and cast them on the scribe. One of them was dying; they said to him: ‘To whom do you wish to entrust your son?’ He said to them: ‘To the scribe.’ But, how many friends did he have, but he said: ‘To the scribe’? It is, rather, that he knew what their actions were, and that the scribe was much better than they were. So, how many wives did he have, and the verse says: “That were with her in the house”? It is because he knew what their actions were.
“And the hides of the goat kids, she placed on his arms and on the smoothness of his neck” (Genesis 27:16). “And the hides of the goat kids” – Rabbi Yoḥanan said: The two arms of our patriarch Jacob were like two pillars of marble, and you say “she placed on his arms”? It is, rather, that she sewed them.26Jacob's arms were very large, so his mother had to sew several skins together in order to have enough material to cover his arms. Rabbi Huna said in the name of Rabbi Yosei: The two daily offerings that Israel would sacrifice on the Festival,27Sukkot. they would place them on young camels, and their legs would drag on the ground. Rabbi Huna said in the name of Rabbi Yosei: This cinnamon tree that would grow in the Land of Israel, and goats and gazelles would reach the top of the tree and eat from it.28Thus, it is possible the the skin of the goats sufficed to cover the arms of Jacob, and Rebecca did not have to sew them. Rabbi Ḥanina said: But are calves not slaughtered in the Land of Israel, and olive trees hewn, and fertile soil on the mountains?29In our day we do not see such large animals and large trees, even though it is the same soil. Thus, it must be that these large trees and animals are miraculous (Radal). These were miraculous acts. Rabbi Mona said: They are all miraculous acts. “She gave the delicacies and the bread that she prepared into the hand of Jacob her son” (Genesis 27:17). “She gave the delicacies and the bread” – she accompanied him until the entrance. She said: ‘To this point I was obligated to you, from here on, your Creator will stand with you.’
“He came to his father, and said: My father, and he said: Here I am; who are you, my son?” (Genesis 27:18). “Jacob said to his father: I am Esau your firstborn; I did as you spoke to me. Arise please, sit and eat from my game, so that your soul will bless me” (Genesis 27:19). “He came to his father, and said…I am Esau your firstborn” – Rabbi Levi said: I am destined to receive the Ten Commandments, but Esau is your firstborn. “Arise please, sit” – the Holy One blessed be He said to Jacob: ‘You said: “Arise please, sit.”30Jacob asked his father politely to sit up. As you live, I will repay you,’ as it is stated: “Arise Lord, and may Your enemies be dispersed” (Numbers 10:35). “Some are swept away without justice” (Proverbs 13:23) – this is Esau.31Who was punished for his speech and not for his action. The Holy One blessed be He said to Esau: ‘You said: “let my father arise” (Genesis 27:31) – like an idolic talisman which you stand up?32Esau gave a command to his father to get up, which is considered rude behavior. As you live, with that same expression, I will exact retribution against you’: “May God arise and His enemies scatter” (Psalms 68:2).
“Isaac said to his son: How is it that you were so quick to find it, my son? And he said: Because the Lord your God coordinated it before me” (Genesis 27:20). “Isaac said to Jacob: Please approach, that I may feel you, my son, are you my son Esau or not?” (Genesis 27:21). “Isaac said to his son: How is it that you were so quick to find it, my son?” – you were so quick to find the blessing, my son? Your father was blessed at seventy five years old,33God blessed Isaac after Abraham’s death. Abraham died at age one hundred and seventy-five. Isaac was born when Abraham was one hundred years old. and you are sixty-three years old.34See Bereshit Rabba 62:5. “And he said: Because the Lord your God coordinated it before me” – Rabbi Yoḥanan and Reish Lakish, one of them said: If for your offering, the Holy One blessed be He provided for you, as it is stated: “Abraham lifted his eyes and saw that behold, there was a ram” (Genesis 22:13); for your food, all the more so. The other said: If for your mate He provided for you, as it is stated: “Please arrange it for me today” (Genesis 24:12), and it is written: “Behold, he saw camels coming” (Genesis 24:63); for your food, all the more so. “And he said: Because the Lord your God coordinated it before me” – Rabbi Yoḥanan said: This is analogous to a raven that brought fire to its nest. When he said: “Because the Lord your God coordinated it before me,” Isaac said: ‘I know that Esau would not mention the name of the Holy One blessed be He; this one mentions. This is not Esau, but Jacob.’ When Isaac said to Jacob: “Please approach, that I may feel you, my son,” water spilled on his [Jacob's] thighs,35He urinated in fear. and his heart was as soft as wax. The Holy One blessed be He appointed two angels for him, one to his right and one to his left, and they were holding his elbow so he would not fall. That is what is written: “Do not waver [tishta], as I am your God” (Isaiah 41:10) – do not become wax [tishva].
“Jacob approached Isaac his father and he felt him, and he said: The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau” (Genesis 27:22). “Jacob approached Isaac…The voice is the voice of Jacob” – this voice is the voice of a wise man, but his hands are those that flay dead animals. Another matter, “the voice is the voice of Jacob” – Jacob rules only with his voice. “The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau” – Esau rules only with his hands. Another matter, “the voice is the voice of Jacob” – Rabbi Pinḥas said: The voice of Jacob withdraws into itself.36When he does not use his voice for prayer and Torah study. The Matnot Kehuna suggests that the fact that the word hakol is without a vav it can be read as if the voice of Jacob is demeaned (kal). “But the hands are the hands of Esau” – He signals to him and he comes.37The Holy One blessed be He signals to Esau and he comes to attack Jacob. Another matter, “the voice is the voice of Jacob” – Rabbi Berekhya said: When Jacob murmurs with his voice,38Uses his voice for matters which are said quietly, such as slander. the hands of Esau dominate, as it is written: “the people complained,”39The specific words mentioned in the verse preceding the advent of Amalek are slightly different, see Exodus 17:3. (Exodus 15:24), “Amalek came” (Exodus 17:8). But when he calls loudly with his voice, the hands are not the hands of Esau, the hands of Esau do not dominate. Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: No philosophers stood in the world like Bilam son of Beor and like Avnimos the weaver. All the idolaters gathered before him.40Avnimos (see Etz Yosef). They said to him: ‘Do you say that we can confront this nation?’ He said: ‘Go and circulate among their synagogues and study halls; if you find children there crying out,41Words of Torah. you will not be able to confront them, as this is what their ancestor promised them: “The voice is the voice of Jacob” – when the voice of Jacob is found in the synagogues, the hands are not the hands of Esau, but if not, “the hands are the hands of Esau” – you can overcome them.’ “The voice is the voice of Jacob” – in the case of the concubine in Giva –“cursed is he who gives a wife to Benjamin” (Judges 21:18).42The Etz Yosef explains that here the midrash is stating that there are instances in which the use of the voice of Jacob in an unwise manner can lead to behavior reminiscent of Esau. Because the Israelites issued a (spoken) curse forbidding the giving of any daughter in marriage to any man from the tribe of Benjamin, they had to later tell the men of Benjamin to "steal" women as wives for themselves, which is Esau-type behavior (see Judges 21:18–22). “The voice is the voice of Jacob” – in the days of Yerovam. The sound of weeping because they killed five hundred thousand among them, as it is written – “Yerovam did not gain strength again [in the days of Aviya; and the Lord afflicted him, and he died]” (II Chronicles 13:20). Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: What do you think; that Yerovam was afflicted? But was it not Aviya who was afflicted? Why was he afflicted? Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: It is because he defaced the identifying features of Israel’s faces, as it is written: “The expression of their faces testifies against them” (Isaiah 3:9). Rabbi Levi said: Because he positioned guards over them for three days until their form decayed, as we learned: One may testify43The reference is to giving testimony that a husband died so that his widow could remarry. only about the countenance of the face with the nose, even if there are distinguishing marks on his body and his belongings…and one may testify only up to three days.44Yevamot 120a. In their regard he says: “Their widows proliferated for Me beyond the sand of the seas” (Jeremiah 15:8). Rabbi Yoḥanan, Reish Lakish, and the Rabbis, Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Because he denigrated Aḥiya the Shilonite, as it is stated: "[Worthless and] wicked people [gathered around him]”45The Hebrew does not bring the exact quote of the verse. (II Chronicles 13:7) – he called Aḥiya the Shilonite wicked. Reish Lakish said: Because he humiliated them publicly, as it is stated: “You are a great multitude, and with you are the golden calves” (II Chronicles 13:8). The Rabbis said: It is because an idol came into his possession and he did not nullify it,46He did not destroy the golden calf which Yerovam had erected in Beit El. as it is stated: “Aviya pursued Yerovam” (II Chronicles 13:19), and it is written: “And captured cities from him: Beit El and its environs” (II Chronicles 13:19), and it is written: “He placed one in Beit El” (I Kings 12:29). The matters can be derived a fortiori: If a king, because he mistreated a king like him, the verse punished him and he was defeated, a commoner who mistreats a commoner, all the more so.
Another matter, “the voice is the voice of Jacob” – his voice silences the celestial beings and the earthly beings. Rabbi Reuven said: It is written: “When they stood, their wings would slacken” (Ezekiel 1:25). “When they stood” – is there sitting on High? Did Rabbi Shmuel not say: There is no sitting on High, as it is stated: “Their legs were a straight leg” (Ezekiel 1:7). They have no joints – “I approached one of those angels [kamaya]” (Daniel 7:16). What is this expression kamaya? It is standing [kayamaya]. “Seraphim were standing above Him” (Isaiah 6:2). “[He said: Therefore, hear the word of the Lord. I saw the Lord sitting on His throne,] and all the host of the heavens were standing [to His right and His left]” (II Chronicles 18:18), and you say: “When they stood”? I wonder. What is “when they stood [beomdam]”? When the nation comes, [there is] silence [ba am dom]. When Israel recites Shema Yisrael, the angels are silent, and then their wings would slacken. What do they recite? “Blessed is the glory of the Lord from His place” (Ezekiel 3:12), and blessed is the name of the glory of His kingdom. Rabbi Levi said: “When the morning stars sang together, and all the children of the great shouted” (Job 38:7) what the offspring of Jacob, who was likened to the stars, laud, as it is written in their regard: “Those who lead the multitudes to righteousness, like the stars” (Daniel 12:3). Then, “all the children of the great shouted” – these are the ministering angels. What do they recite? “Blessed is the glory of the Lord from His place” (Ezekiel 3:12). Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: It is written: “A wind lifted me, and I heard behind me the sound of a great noise…” (Ezekiel 3:12). “Great noise” – I wonder. Rather, after I and my counterparts lauded, then, “ I heard behind me the sound of a great noise: Blessed is the glory of the Lord from His place.” What do they recite? Blessed is the name. Rabbi Yehuda bar Ilai would expound: “The voice is the voice of Jacob” screaming because of what “the hands are the hands of Esau” did to him. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: The voice [of Jacob, due to] the emperor Hadrian who killed eight hundred million people in Beitar.47The point is that a very large number of people were killed.
“He did not recognize him, because his hands were hairy like the hands of his brother Esau, and he blessed him” (Genesis 27:23). “He did not recognize him” – when wicked people were produced from him, he [Isaac] did not recognize them. “His father Isaac said to him: Approach and kiss me, my son” (Genesis 27:26). “Approach and kiss me” – he said to him: ‘You will be adjacent to me in burial, but no other will be adjacent to me in burial.’ “He approached and kissed him, and he smelled the scent of his garments, and blessed him, and said: See, the scent of my son is as the scent of a field that the Lord blessed” (Genesis 27:27). “He approached and kissed him, and he smelled the scent of his garments” – Rabbi Yoḥanan said: There is nothing whose odor is viler than this goat hide, and you say: “He smelled the scent of his garments, and blessed him”? It is, rather, that when our patriarch Jacob entered to his father, the Garden of Eden entered with him. That is what he said to him: “See, the scent of my son is as the scent of a field.” But when Esau entered to his father, Gehenna entered with him, just as it says: “With the arrival of spite, disgrace arrives” (Proverbs 11:2). Another matter, “he smelled the scent of his garments [begadav],48This is expounded to mean “his traitors [bogedav]” have a good scent – they repent. and blessed him” – e.g., Yosef Meshita and Yakum of Tzerorot. Yosef Meshita, when the enemies sought to enter the Temple Mount, they said: ‘Let one of them enter, and it49The desecration. will begin with them.’ They said to him:50They wanted a Jew to enter the Temple Mount first, and chose Yosef Meshita, who agreed to enter. ‘Enter, and whatever you take out is yours.’ He entered and took out a golden candelabrum. They said to him: ‘It is not appropriate for a commoner to make use of this.51It should be given to the emperor. Instead, enter again, and what you take out is yours.’ He refused. Rabbi Pinḥas said: They offered him taxes for three years,52He could keep whatever taxes he would collect from the people. but he refused. He said: ‘Is it not enough that I angered my God once, that I would anger Him a second time?’ What did they do to him? They placed him on a carpenter’s sawhorse and were sawing him. He was shouting and saying: ‘Woe is me that I angered my Creator.’ Yakum of Tzerorot was the son of the sister of Rabbi Yosei ben Yoezer of Tzereida. He was riding a horse on Shabbat. In front of him, a cross on which Jews who observed Shabbat would be crucified was being dragged. He [Yakum of Tzerorot] said to him [Yosei ben Yoezer]: ‘Look at the horse on which my master has me riding, and look at the horse on which your Master has you riding.’53When the cross was too heavy to bear, very often they would drag it between their legs, so it looked like a horse. He told him: ‘If so it is for those who anger Him, all the more so for those who perform His will.’ He [also] said to him: ‘If it is so for those who perform his will, all the more so for those who anger him.’54Yosei ben Yoezer made two responses to his nephew. First, that if he had received a reward despite angering God, certainly, those who serve God will ultimately receive a reward. Second, if those who serve God suffer so much, certainly those who anger God will ultimately suffer more. It [his uncle’s words] penetrated him like the venom of a serpent. He went and fulfilled in himself the four court-imposed death penalties – stoning, burning, beheading, and strangulation. What did he do? He brought a beam and stuck it into the ground. He tied a string to it, arranged wood, and surrounded it with a stone fence.55The stone fence was supported by the wood which it surrounded. He kindled a bonfire before it,56The bonfire was kindled near the fence, and when the fire reached the fence it kindled the wood which was within the fence and partially under the fence. stuck a sword in the middle,57The sword was in the middle of the wood which was arranged within the fence near the beam. kindled the fire under the stones, hanged himself from the beam and was strangled. The fire reached him, it severed the string, he fell into the fire, the sword reached him, the fence fell on him, and he was burned. Yosei ben Yoezer of Tzereida dozed and saw his bier floating in the air. He said: ‘That one preceded me by a small amount of time into the Garden of Eden.’
Another matter, it teaches that the Holy One blessed be He showed him the Temple built and destroyed and built. “See, the scent of my son” – that is built, just as it says: “My pleasing aroma; you shall observe” (Numbers 28:2). “Like the scent of a field” – that is destroyed, just as it says: “Zion will be plowed as a field” (Micah 3:12). “That the Lord blessed” – built and enhanced in the future, as it is stated: “For there the Lord commanded the blessing of life, for eternity” (Psalms 133:3). ##“And may God give you from the dew of the heavens, and from the fat of the land, and an abundance of grain and wine” (Genesis 27:28).
וַיְהִי עֵשָׂו בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה (בראשית כו, לד), הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים פ, יד): יְכַרְסְמֶנָּה חֲזִיר מִיָּעַר, רַבִּי פִּינְחָס בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי סִימוֹן, מִכָּל הַנְּבִיאִים לֹא פִּרְסְמוּהָ אֶלָּא שְׁנַיִם, משֶׁה וְאָסָף. משֶׁה אָמַר (דברים יד, ח): וְאֶת הַחֲזִיר כִּי מַפְרִיס פַּרְסָה הוּא. אָסָף אָמַר, יְכַרְסְמֶנָּה חֲזִיר מִיָּעַר. לָמָּה הוּא מוֹשְׁלָהּ בַּחֲזִיר, אֶלָּא מָה חֲזִיר הַזֶּה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא רוֹבֵץ הוּא מְפַשֵׁט אֶת טְלָפָיו כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁאֲנִי טָהוֹר, כָּךְ מַלְכוּת הַזֹּאת הָרְשָׁעָה גּוֹזֶלֶת וְחוֹמֶסֶת נִרְאֵת כְּאִלּוּ מַצַּעַת אֶת הַבִּימָה. כָּךְ עֵשָׂו כָּל אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה צָד נְשֵׁי אֲנָשִׁים וּמְעַנֶּה אוֹתָם, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְאַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה דִּמָּה עַצְמוֹ לְאָבִיו, אָמַר מָה אַבָּא נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה אַף אֲנִי נוֹשֵׂא אִשָּׁה בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: וַיְהִי עֵשָׂו בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה.
“Esau was forty years old, and he took as a wife Yehudit, daughter of Be'eri the Hitite, and Basmat, daughter of Elon the Hitite” (Genesis 26:34).
“Esau was forty years old” – that is what is written: “The swine from the forest gnaws at it” (Psalms 80:14). Rabbi Pinḥas in the name of Rabbi Simon: Of all the prophets, only two of them publicized it1The qualities of the evil empire of Rome. – Moses and Asaf. Moses said: “The pig because it has a split hoof” (Deuteronomy 14:8). Asaf said: “The swine from the forest gnaws at it.” Why does he analogize it to a pig? Just as this pig, when it lies, it extends its hooves, saying: ‘I am pure,’ so, this evil empire robs and takes forcibly, [yet] it appears as though it is arranging the courtroom. So, Esau, all forty years, would ensnare married women and violate them. When he reached forty years of age, he likened himself to his father. He said: ‘Just as Father took a wife at forty years of age, I, too, will take a wife at forty years of age.’ That is what is written: “Esau was forty years old.”
וַיִּקַּח אִשָּׁה אֶת יְהוּדִית (בראשית כו, לד), רַבִּי יוּדָן פָּתַח (תהלים סח, ז): אֱלֹהִים מוֹשִׁיב יְחִידִים בַּיְתָה וגו', הִיא דַעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אֲפִלּוּ מַמְזֵר אֶחָד בְּסוֹף הָעוֹלָם וּמַמְזֶרֶת אַחַת בְּסוֹף הָעוֹלָם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְבִיאָן וּמְזַוְּגָן זֶה לָזֶה, מַאי טַעֲמֵיהּ אֱלֹהִים מוֹשִׁיב יְחִידִים בַּיְתָה, כָּךְ לְפִי שֶׁכָּתוּב (דברים כ, יז): הַחֲרֵם תַּחֲרִימֵם הַחִתִּי וְהָאֱמֹרִי, יֵיתֵי הָדֵין מְחֵיק שְׁמָא וְיִסַּב לַהֲדָא מְחִיקַת שְׁמָא.
“He took as a wife Yehudit” – Rabbi Yudan began: “God settles the lonely in a home…” (Psalms 68:7). This is the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, as Rabbi Yehuda said: ‘Even if there is a mamzer at the end of the world and a mamzeret at the end of the world, the Holy One blessed be He brings them and matches them with one another.’ What is its source? “God settles the lonely in a home.” So, because it is written: “Rather, you shall destroy them: The Hittite, the Emorite” (Deuteronomy 20:17) – let this one, may his name be blotted out, come and marry that one, may her name be blotted out. “Esau was forty years old, and he took…”
וַיְהִי עֵשָׂו בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה וַיִּקַּח וגו' (בראשית כו, לד), (ויקרא יא, טו): אֵת כָּל עֹרֵב לְמִינוֹ, בִּימֵי רַבִּי חִיָּא רַבָּה עָלָה זַרְזִיר אֶחָד לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֲתוֹן טְעִינִין לֵיהּ לְגַבֵּיהּ, אֲמָרוּ לֵיהּ מַהוּ דְּנֵיכְלִינֵיהּ, אֲמַר לוֹן אַזְלוּן יַהֲבוּ יָתֵיהּ עַל אִגָּרָא, וְכָל עוֹף דְּשָׁכַן עַל גַּבֵּיהּ מִן מִינֵיהּ הוּא, אֲזַלִין יַהֲבוּ יָתֵיהּ עַל אִגָּרָא וַאֲתָא הָדֵין עוֹרְבָא מִצְרָאָה שְׁכַן עַל גַּבֵּיה, אֲמַר מְסָאַב הוּא דְּמִן מִינֵּיהּ הוּא דִּכְתִיב: וְאֵת כָּל עֹרֵב לְמִינוֹ. אָמֵרוּ לֹא הָלַךְ עוֹרֵב אֵצֶל זַרְזִיר אֶלָּא שֶׁהוּא מִינוֹ. כָּךְ לְפִי שֶׁכָּתוּב בּוֹ (דברים כ, יז): כִּי הַחֲרֵם תַּחֲרִימֵם, יֵיתֵי הָדֵין מְחִיק שְׁמָא, וְיִסַּב לַהֲדָא מְחִיקַת שְׁמָא, וַיְהִי עֵשָׂו בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה.
“Every raven after its kind” (Leviticus 11:15) – in the days of Rabbi Ḥiyya Rabba, a certain starling ascended to the Land of Israel. They took it and carried it to him. They said to him: ‘Is it permitted to eat it?’ He said to them: ‘Go and place it on the roof; any bird that comes and alights next to it, it is of that species.’ They went and placed it on the roof and an Egyptian raven alighted next to it. He said: ‘It is impure, as it is of that species. That is what is written: “Every raven after its kind.”’ They said:2Meaning, this is a known phrase. ‘The raven went to the starling only because it is of the same species.’ So, because it is written: “Rather, you shall destroy them” (Deuteronomy 20:17) – let this one, may his name be blotted out, come and marry that one, may her name be blotted out. “Esau was forty years old.”
וַתִּהְיֶיןָ מֹרַת רוּחַ (בראשית כו, לה), לָמָּה לְיִצְחָק תְּחִלָּה, אֶלָּא עַל יְדֵי שֶׁהָיְתָה רִבְקָה בַּת כְּמָרִים לֹא הָיְתָה מַקְפֶּדֶת עַל טִנֹּפֶת עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים, וְזֶה עַל יְדֵי שֶׁהָיָה בֶּן קְדוֹשִׁים הָיָה מַקְפִּיד עַל טִנֹּפֶת עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים, לְפִיכָךְ לְיִצְחָק תְּחִלָּה. דָּבָר אַחֵר, לָמָּה לְיִצְחָק תְּחִלָּה, אֶלָּא לְפִי שֶׁהַדָּבָר תָּלוּי בָּהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית כה, כג): וַיֹּאמֶר ה' לָהּ שְׁנֵי גוֹיִם בְּבִטְנֵךְ, לְפִיכָךְ לְיִצְחָק תְּחִלָּה. דָּבָר אַחֵר, לָמָּה לְיִצְחָק תְּחִלָּה, אֶלָּא דַּרְכָּהּ שֶׁל אִשָּׁה לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֶׁבֶת בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתָהּ וְדַרְכּוֹ שֶׁל אִישׁ לִהְיוֹת יוֹצֵא לַדֶּרֶךְ וְלָמֵד בִּינָה מִבְּנֵי אָדָם, וְזֶה עַל יְדֵי שֶׁכָּהוּ עֵינָיו וְהוּא יוֹשֵׁב בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, לְפִיכָךְ לְיִצְחָק תְּחִלָּה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי גָּרַם לְהוֹרוֹ לְסַלֵּק מִמֶּנּוּ רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ.
“They were a source of bitterness for Isaac and for Rebecca” (Genesis 26:35).
“They were a source of bitterness” – why for Isaac first? Because Rebecca was the daughter of idolaters, she was not particular about the filth of idol worship. But this one, because he was the son of the holy, he was particular about the filth of idol worship. That is why it was for Isaac first.
Another matter, why for Isaac first? It is because the matter was attributable to her, as it is stated: “The Lord said to her: Two peoples are in your womb” (Genesis 25:23).3It was because of her lineage that one of the twins was wicked. That is why it was for Isaac first.
Another matter, why for Isaac first? It is because it is the way of women to sit inside the house, and the way of men to go out on the road and learn understanding from people. But this one, because his eyes dimmed, and he was sitting inside the house, that is why it was for Isaac first.
Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: He [Esau] caused the Divine Spirit to depart from his parent.
וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק (בראשית כז, א), רַבִּי יִצְחָק פָּתַח (ישעיה ה, כג): מַצְדִּיקֵי רָשָׁע עֵקֶב שֹׁחַד, כָּל מִי שֶׁנּוֹטֵל שֹׁחַד וּמַצְדִּיק אֶת הָרָשָׁע בְּעֵקֶב, (ישעיה ה, כג): וְצִדְקַת צַדִּיקִים יָסִירוּ מִמֶּנּוּ, וְצִדְקַת צַדִּיקִים, זֶה משֶׁה. יָסִירוּ מִמֶּנּוּ, זֶה יִצְחָק, עַל יְדֵי שֶׁהִצְדִּיק אֶת הָרָשָׁע כָּהוּ עֵינָיו, וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק וגו'.
“It was when Isaac was old, and his eyes dimmed from seeing, he summoned Esau his elder son, and said to him: My son, and he said to him: Here I am” (Genesis 27:1).
“It was when Isaac was old” – Rabbi Yitzḥak began: “Those who exonerate the wicked due to [ekev] a bribe” (Isaiah 5:23) – anyone who takes a bribe and exonerates the wicked – ultimately.4He will ultimately be punished. “And remove the innocence of the righteous from him” (Isaiah 5:23) – “the innocence of the righteous” – this is Moses.5The Matnot Kehuna explains that Moses did not justify an evil person. Rather he called the person who wanted to strike his friend an evil person. See Exodus 2:13. “Remove…from him” – this is Isaac. Because he exonerated the wicked,6He loved Esau. his eyes dimmed – “it was when Isaac was old, [and his eyes dimmed…].”
מַצְדִּיק רָשָׁע וּמַרְשִׁיעַ צַדִּיק תּוֹעֲבַת ה' גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם (משלי יז, טו), אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי לֹא מִמַּה שֶּׁהָיְתָה רִבְקָה אוֹהֶבֶת אֶת יַעֲקֹב יוֹתֵר מֵעֵשָׂו עָשְׂתָה אֶת הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה, אֶלָא אָמְרָה לָא יֵעוֹל וְיִטְעֵי בְּהַהוּא סָבָא, עַל שֵׁם תּוֹעֲבַת ה' גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם, וְעַל יְדֵי שֶׁהִצְדִּיק אֶת הָרָשָׁע כָּהוּ עֵינָיו, וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק וַתִּכְהֶיןָ עֵינָיו.
“One who exonerates the wicked and one who condemns the righteous, both of them are an abomination to the Lord” (Proverbs 17:15) – Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: It was not because Rebecca loved Jacob more than Esau that she performed this action, but she said: ‘Let him [Esau] not enter and mislead that elder [Isaac],’ based on: “Both of them are an abomination to the Lord.” Because he exonerated the wicked, his eyes dimmed – “it was when Isaac was old, and his eyes dimmed.”
רַבִּי יִצְחָק פָּתַח (שמות כג, ח): וְשֹׁחַד לֹא תִקָּח וגו', אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק וּמַה אִם מִי שֶׁנָּטַל שֹׁחַד מִמִּי שֶׁהָיָה חַיָּב לוֹ כָּהוּ עֵינָיו, הַלּוֹקֵחַ שֹׁחַד מִמִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּב לוֹ עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק וגו'.
Rabbi Yitzḥak began: “You shall not take a bribe [for bribes blind the clear-sighted…]” (Exodus 23:8) – Rabbi Yitzḥak said: If one who took a bribe from one who owed him,7Esau owed Isaac due to the mitzva of honoring one’s father. his eyes dimmed, one who takes a bribe from one who does not owe him, all the more so – “it was when Isaac was old.”
רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בַּר פַּפָּא פָּתַח (תהלים מ, ו): רַבּוֹת עָשִׂיתָ אַתָּה ה' אֱלֹהַי נִפְלְאֹתֶיךָ וגו', אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא כָּל פְּעֻלּוֹת וּמַחְשָׁבוֹת שֶׁפָּעַלְתָּ אֵלֵינוּ בִּשְׁבִילֵנוּ, לָמָּה כָּהוּ עֵינָיו שֶׁל יִצְחָק, כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבוֹא יַעֲקֹב וְיִטֹּל אֶת הַבְּרָכוֹת, וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק.
Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa began: “Much, Lord my God, You have done; Your wonders…” (Psalms 40:6) – Rabbi Ḥanina said: All the actions and thoughts that you performed on our behalf, were for our benefit. Why did Isaac’s eyes dim? It was so Jacob could come and take the blessings – “it was when Isaac was old.”
אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן אַבְרָהָם תָּבַע זִקְנָה, אָמַר לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָמִים אָדָם וּבְנוֹ נִכְנָסִין לְמָקוֹם וְאֵין אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ לְמִי מְכַבֵּד, מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁאַתָּה מְעַטְּרוֹ בְּזִקְנָה אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ לְמִי מְכַבֵּד. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא חַיֶּיךָ דָּבָר טוֹב תָּבַעְתָּ וּמִמְּךָ הוּא מַתְחִיל. מִתְּחִלַּת הַסֵּפֶר וְעַד כָּאן אֵין כְּתִיב זִקְנָה, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁעָמַד אַבְרָהָם נָתַן לוֹ זִקְנָה, (בראשית כד, א): וְאַבְרָהָם זָקֵן בָּא בַּיָּמִים. יִצְחָק תָּבַע יִסּוּרִין, אָמַר לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹן כָּל הָעוֹלָמִים אָדָם מֵת בְּלֹא יִסּוּרִים מִדַּת הַדִּין מְתוּחָה כְּנֶגְדּוֹ, מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁאַתָּה מֵבִיא עָלָיו יִסּוּרִים אֵין מִדַּת הַדִּין מְתוּחָה כְּנֶגְדּוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא חַיֶּיךָ דָּבָר טוֹב תָּבַעְתָּ וּמִמְּךָ אֲנִי מַתְחִיל, מִתְּחִלַּת הַסֵּפֶר וְעַד כָּאן אֵין כְּתִיב יִסּוּרִין וְכֵיוָן שֶׁעָמַד יִצְחָק נָתַן לוֹ יִסּוּרִים, וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק וַתִּכְהֶיןָ. יַעֲקֹב תָּבַע אֶת הַחוֹלִי, אָמַר לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָמִים אָדָם מֵת בְּלֹא חוֹלִי וְאֵינוֹ מְיַשֵּׁב בֵּין בָּנָיו, מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁהוּא חוֹלֶה שְׁנַיִם אוֹ שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים הוּא מְיַשֵּׁב בֵּין בָּנָיו. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא חַיֶּיךָ דָּבָר טוֹב תָּבַעְתָּ וּמִמְּךָ הוּא מַתְחִיל (בראשית מח, א): וַיֹּאמֶר לְיוֹסֵף הִנֵּה אָבִיךָ חֹלֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי אַבְרָהָם חִדֵּשׁ זִקְנָה, יִצְחָק חִדֵּשׁ יִסּוּרִים, יַעֲקֹב חִדֵּשׁ חוֹלִי, חִזְקִיָּהוּ חִדֵּשׁ חוֹלִי שֶׁיִּתְרַפֵּא, אָמַר לוֹ הֶעֱמַדְתָּ אוֹתוֹ עַד יוֹם מוֹתוֹ, אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁאָדָם חוֹלֶה וְעוֹמֵד, חוֹלֶה וְעוֹמֵד, הוּא עוֹשֶׂה תְּשׁוּבָה. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא חַיֶּיךָ דָּבָר טוֹב תָּבַעְתָּ וּמִמְּךָ אֲנִי מַתְחִיל, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ישעיה לח, ט): מִכְתָּב לְחִזְקִיָּהוּ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה בַּחֲלֹתוֹ וַיְחִי מֵחָלְיוֹ, אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן מִכָּאן שֶׁהָיָה בֵּין חוֹלִי לְחוֹלִי חוֹלִי כָּבֵד מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם.
Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon said: Abraham demanded aging. He said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, a man and his son enter a place and no one knows which of them to honor. Because you adorn him with aging, a person knows whom to honor.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘As you live, you have demanded a good thing, and it will begin with you.’ From the beginning of the book until that point, aging is not written. When Abraham stood, He granted him aging – “Abraham was old” (Genesis 24:1).
Isaac demanded suffering. He said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, a person dies without suffering, the attribute of justice is outstretched against him. When you bring suffering upon him, the attribute of justice is not outstretched against him.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘As you live, you have demanded a good thing, and I will begin with you.’ From the beginning of the book until here, suffering is not written. When Isaac stood, He granted him suffering – “it was when Isaac was old, and [his eyes] dimmed.”
Jacob demanded illness. He said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, a person dies without illness and does not settle matters between his children. When he is ill for two or three days, he settles matters between his children.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘As you live, you have demanded a good thing, and it will begin with you’ – “One said to Joseph: Behold, your father is ill” (Genesis 48:1).
Rabbi Levi said: Abraham introduced aging, Isaac introduced suffering, Jacob introduced illness, Hezekiah introduced illness that is cured. He said to Him: ‘You would sustain one until the day of his death.8In good health. But because a person is ill and recovers, is ill and recovers, he repents.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘As you live, you have demanded a good thing.’ That is what is written: “A composition of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he became ill and recovered from his illness” (Isaiah 38:9). Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: From here [we learn], that between illness and illness, there was an illness that was more severe than both of them.
וַתִּכְהֶיןָ עֵינָיו מֵרְאֹת (בראשית כז, א), אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מֵרְאוֹת בְּרָע, מֵרְאוֹת בְּרָעָתוֹ שֶׁל רָשָׁע, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יִהְיֶה יִצְחָק יוֹצֵא לַשּׁוּק וִיהוֹן בְּרִיָּתָא אָמְרִין דֵּין אֲבוּהּ דְּהַהוּא רַשִׁיעָא, אֶלָּא הֲרֵינִי מַכְּהֶה אֶת עֵינָיו וְהוּא יוֹשֵׁב בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (משלי כח, כח): בְּקוּם רְשָׁעִים יִסָּתֵר אָדָם, מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ כָּל הַמַּעֲמִיד בֵּן רָשָׁע אוֹ תַּלְמִיד רָשָׁע סוֹף שֶׁעֵינָיו כֵּהוֹת. תַּלְמִיד רָשָׁע מֵאֲחִיָּה הַשִּׁילוֹנִי (מלכים א יד, ד): וַאֲחִיָּהוּ לֹא יָכֹל לִרְאוֹת כִּי קָמוּ עֵינָיו מִשֵּׂיבוֹ, שֶׁהֶעֱמִיד אֶת יָרָבְעָם תַּלְמִיד רָשָׁע. בֵּן רָשָׁע, מִיִּצְחָק, וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק וַתִּכְהֶיןָ עֵינָיו. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מֵרְאֹת, מִכֹּחַ אוֹתָהּ רְאִיָּה, שֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁעָקַד אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ אֶת בְּנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ בָּכוּ מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ישעיה לג, ז): הֵן אֶרְאֶלָּם צָעֲקוּ חֻצָה וגו', וְנָשְׁרוּ דְּמָעוֹת מֵעֵינֵיהֶם לְתוֹךְ עֵינָיו, וְהָיוּ רְשׁוּמוֹת בְּתוֹךְ עֵינָיו, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהִזְקִין כָּהוּ עֵינָיו, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק, וגו' דָּבָר אַחֵר, מֵרְאֹת, מִכֹּחַ אוֹתָהּ הָרְאִיָּה, שֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁעָקַד אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ אֶת יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, תָּלָה עֵינָיו בַּמָּרוֹם וְהִבִּיט בַּשְּׁכִינָה. מוֹשְׁלִים אוֹתוֹ מָשָׁל לְמָה הַדָּבָר דּוֹמֶה, לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁהָיָה מְטַיֵּל בְּפֶתַח פָּלָטִין שֶׁלּוֹ וְתָלָה עֵינָיו וְרָאָה בְּנוֹ שֶׁל אוֹהֲבוֹ מֵצִיץ עָלָיו בְּעַד הַחַלּוֹן, אָמַר אִם הוֹרְגוֹ אֲנִי עַכְשָׁו מַכְרִיעַ אֲנִי אֶת אוֹהֲבִי, אֶלָּא גּוֹזְרַנִי שֶׁיִּסָּתְמוּ חַלּוֹנוֹתָיו. כָּךְ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהֶעֱקִיד אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ אֶת בְּנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ תָּלָה עֵינָיו וְהִבִּיט בַּשְּׁכִינָה, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אִם הוֹרְגוֹ אֲנִי עַכְשָׁו אֲנִי מַכְרִיעַ אֶת אַבְרָהָם אוֹהֲבִי, אֶלָּא גּוֹזֵר אֲנִי שֶׁיִּכְּהוּ עֵינָיו, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהִזְקִין כָּהוּ עֵינָיו, וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק וגו'.
“His eyes dimmed from seeing” – Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya said: From seeing evil– from seeing the evil of the wicked one. The Holy One blessed be He said: ‘Isaac will walk out to the marketplace and the people will say: This is the father of that wicked one. Instead, I will dim his eyes and he will remain inside his house.’ That is what is written: “With the rise of the wicked, a person should hide” (Proverbs 28:28). From here they said: Anyone who produces a wicked son or a wicked student, ultimately his eyes will dim. A wicked student, from Aḥiya the Shilonite – “Aḥiyahu was unable to see, for his eyes had dimmed due to his old age” (I Kings 14:4); he had produced Yerovam, a wicked student. A wicked son, from Isaac – “it was when Isaac was old, and his eyes dimmed.”
Another matter. “from seeing [mereot]” – as a result of that sight [re’iya]; when Abraham our patriarch bound his son atop the altar, the ministering angels wept. That is what is written: “Behold, their angels cry out outside…” (Isaiah 33:7). Tears fell from their eyes into his eyes, and they had an effect inside his eyes. When he grew old, his eyes dimmed. That is what is written: “It was when Isaac was old…”
Another matter. “from seeing [mereot]” – as a result of that sight [re’iya]; when Abraham our patriarch bound his son atop the altar, he [Isaac] directed his eyes heavenward and looked at the Divine Presence. They say a parable, to what is the matter comparable? It is comparable to a king who was strolling at the entrance of his palace and glanced and saw his friend’s son peering at him through the window.9It was forbidden to look at the king. He said: ‘If I kill him, I will now cause my friend to collapse. Instead, I will decree that his windows should be sealed.’ So, when Abraham our patriarch bound his son atop the altar, he directed his eyes and looked at the Divine Presence. The Holy One blessed be He said: ‘If I kill him, I will now cause Abraham my friend to collapse. Instead, I decree that his eyes will dim.’ When he grew old, his eyes dimmed – “it was when Isaac was old…”
וַיִּקְרָא אֶת עֵשָׂו בְּנוֹ הַגָּדֹל (בראשית כז, א), אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר שִׁמְעוֹן לִמְדִינָה שֶׁהָיְתָה מַכְתֶּבֶת עֲנָקְמוֹן לַמֶּלֶךְ וְהָיְתָה שָׁם אִשָּׁה אַחַת וְהָיָה לָהּ בֵּן נַנָּס, וְהָיְתָה קוֹרְאָה אוֹתוֹ מַקְּרוֹא לַפְּרוֹס, אָמְרָה בְּנִי מַקְּרוֹא לַפְּרוֹס אֵין אַתֶּם מַכְתִּיבִין אוֹתוֹ, אָמְרוּ אִם בְּעֵינַיִךְ מַקְּרוֹא לַפְּרוֹס, בְּעֵינֵינוּ הוּא נַנָּס שֶׁבַּנַּנָּסִים. כָּךְ אָבִיו קוֹרֵא אוֹתוֹ גָדוֹל, וַיִּקְרָא אֶת עֵשָׂו בְּנוֹ הַגָּדֹל. אִמּוֹ קָרָאת אוֹתוֹ גָּדוֹל, (בראשית כז, טו): וַתִּקַּח רִבְקָה אֶת בִּגְדֵי עֵשָׂו בְּנָהּ הַגָּדֹוֹל הַחֲמֻדֹת. אָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אִם בְּעֵינֵיכֶם הוּא גָּדוֹל בְּעֵינַי הוּא קָטָן, (עובדיה א, ב): הִנֵּה קָטֹן נְתַתִּיךָ בַּגּוֹיִם בָּזוּי אַתָּה מְאֹד. אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה לָקֳבֵל תּוֹרָא טַבָּחָא, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ישעיה לד, ו): כִּי זֶבַח לַה' בְּבָצְרָה וְטֶבַח גָּדוֹל בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם. (בראשית כז, א): וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו בְּנִי וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו הִנֵּנִי, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (משלי כו, כה): כִּי יְחַנֵּן קוֹלוֹ אַל תַּאֲמֶן בּוֹ וגו'. חִזְקִיָּהוּ תּוּרְגָּמִינָא אֲמַר (משלי כו, כה): כִּי שֶׁבַע תּוֹעֵבוֹת בְּלִבּוֹ, אַתְּ מוֹצֵא תּוֹעֵבָה אַחַת כְּתִיב בַּתּוֹרָה וְכָתוּב בָּהּ עֶשֶׂר (דברים יח, י יב): לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְךָ מַעֲבִיר בְּנוֹ וּבִתּוֹ בָּאֵשׁ וגו' וְחוֹבֵר חָבֶר וְשֹׁאֵל אוֹב וְיִדְעֹנִי וגו', כָּאן שֶׁכָּתוּב שֶׁבַע, עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, הֱוֵי כִּי שֶׁבַע תּוֹעֵבוֹת, כִּי שִׁבְעִים תּוֹעֵבוֹת בְּלִבּוֹ, וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו הִנֵּנִי.
“He summoned Esau his elder son” – Rabbi Elazar bar Shimon said: This is analogous to a province that made a list of mighty people for the king.10To serve in his army. There was a certain woman there who gave birth to a puny son, and she would call her son: Tall and Quick. She said to them: 'My son is tall and quick, but you do not conscript him?' They said: 'If, in your eyes, he is tall and quick, in our eyes he is puniest of the puny.' So, his father called him great [gadol], as it is stated: “He called Esau, his elder [hagadol] son” (Genesis 27:1). His mother called him great [gadol], as it is stated: “The garments of Esau, her elder [hagadol] son” (Genesis 27:15). The Holy One blessed be He said to them: ‘If, in your eyes, he is great, in My eyes, he is insignificant,’ as it is stated: “Behold, I rendered you insignificant among the nations, you are greatly despised” (Obadiah 1:2).11The prophecy was given with respect to Edom, the nation descended from Esau. Rabbi Berekhya said: The slaughterer corresponds to the bull.12He is called great based on the fact that his slaughterer, the Holy One blessed be He, is great. That is what is written: “There is a sacrifice for the Lord in Botzra and a great [gadol] slaughter in the land of Edom” (Isaiah 34:6).
“And said to him: My son, and he said to him: Here I am” – that is what is written: “When he ingratiates with his voice, do not trust him…” (Proverbs 26:25). Ḥizkiyahu the translator said: “As there are seven abominations in his heart” (Proverbs 26:25). [When] you find one “abomination” written in the Torah, ten [sins] are written in its regard: “There shall not be found among you anyone who passes his son or his daughter through the fire…an enchanter, a medium, an oracle, [or a necromancer, one who casts spells, or one who consults ghosts or familiar spirits, or one who inquires of the dead; for anyone who performs these things is an abomination to the Lord]”13The list consists of nine categories, rather than ten; Maharzu explains that the son and the daughter passed through fire are counted separately, to make ten. (Deuteronomy 18:10–12). Here, where “seven” is written, all the more so. That is, “as there are seven abominations,” [means that] there are seventy abominations “in his heart.”
אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן קָרְחָה הִגִּיעַ אָדָם לְפֶרֶק אֲבוֹתָיו קֹדֶם לְחָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים וּלְאַחַר חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים יִדְאַג מִן הַמִּיתָה, שֶׁכֵּן יִצְחָק אָמַר אִם לְשָׁנָיו שֶׁל אַבָּא אֲנִי מַגִּיעַ עַד עַכְשָׁיו מִתְבַּקֵּשׁ לִי, אִם לַשָּׁנִים שֶׁל אִמִּי אֲנִי מַגִּיעַ, (בראשית כז, ב): וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו הִנֵּה נָא זָקַנְתִּי לֹא יָדַעְתִּי יוֹם מוֹתִי, תָּנֵי שִׁבְעָה דְּבָרִים מְכוּסִים מִבְּנֵי אָדָם, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: יוֹם הַמִּיתָה, וְיוֹם הַנֶּחָמָה, וְעֹמֶק הַדִּין, וְאֵין אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ בַּמֶּה הוּא מִשְׂתַּכֵּר, וְאֵין אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ מַה בְּלִבּוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, וְאֵין אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ מַה בְּעִבּוּרָהּ שֶׁל אִשָּׁה, וּמַלְכוּת הָרְשָׁעָה אֵימָתַי נוֹפֶלֶת. יוֹם הַמִּיתָה מִנַּיִן, דִּכְתִיב (קהלת ט, יב): כִּי גַּם לֹא יֵדַע הָאָדָם אֶת עִתּוֹ. יוֹם הַנֶּחָמָה מִנַיִן, דִּכְתִיב (ישעיה ס, כב): אֲנִי ה' בְּעִתָּהּ אֲחִישֶׁנָּה. וְאֵין אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ מַה בְּעוֹמְקוֹ שֶׁל דִּין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים א, יז): כִּי הַמִּשְׁפָּט לֵאלֹהִים הוּא. וְאֵין אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ בַּמֶּה הוּא מִשְׂתַּכֵּר, דִּכְתִיב (קהלת ג, יג): מַתַּת אֱלֹהִים הִיא. וְאֵין אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ מַה בְּלִבּוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (ירמיה יז, י): אֲנִי ה' חֹקֵר לֵב. וְאֵין אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ מַה בְּעִבּוּרָהּ שֶׁל אִשָּׁה, דִּכְתִיב (קהלת יא, ה): כַּעֲצָמִים בְּבֶטֶן הַמְּלֵאָה. וּמַלְכוּת הָרְשָׁעָה אֵימָתַי נוֹפֶלֶת, דִּכְתִיב (ישעיה סג, ד): כִּי יוֹם נָקָם בְּלִבִּי.
“He said: Behold, I have now grown old; I do not know the day of my death” (Genesis 27:2).
Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa said: When a person reaches the age of his parents, five years before or five years after, he should be concerned about death, as Isaac said: ‘If I will reach the years of Father, now there are many remaining; if I will reach the years of my mother: “He said [to him]: Behold, I have now grown old; I do not know the day of my death.”14Isaac was 123 years old. Abraham died at age 175 and Sarah died at age 127.
It is taught: There are seven matters that are obscured from people: The day of [their] death; the day of consolation;15The redemption (Etz Yosef). the profundity of justice; a person does not know through what he will profit; a person does not know what is in the heart of another; a person does not know what the woman is carrying in her pregnancy; and when the evil empire will fall. The day of death, from where is it derived? It is as it is written: “For a person, too, does not know his time” (Ecclesiastes 9:12). The day of consolation, from where is it derived? It is as it is written: “At its time, I will hasten it” (Isaiah 60:22). A person does not know the profundity of justice, as it is stated: “For judgment is God’s” (Deuteronomy 1:17). A person does not know through what he will profit, as it is written: “It is the gift of God” (Ecclesiastes 3:13). A person does not know what is in the heart of another, as it is written: “I, the Lord, probe the heart” (Jeremiah 17:10). A person does not know what the woman is carrying in her pregnancy, as it is written: “[You do not know]…how the fetuses grow in a womb of the pregnant” (Ecclesiastes 11:5). And when the evil empire will fall, as it is written: “For a day of vengeance is in My heart” (Isaiah 63:4).
וְעַתָּה שָׂא נָא כֵלֶיךָ (בראשית כז, ג), שְׁחוֹז מָאנֵי זֵינָךְ, שֶׁלֹא תַאֲכִילֵנִי נְבֵלוֹת וּטְרֵפוֹת, סַב מָאנֵי זֵינָךְ שֶׁלֹא תַאֲכִילֵנִי גְּזֵלוֹת וַחֲמָסִים. (בראשית כז, ג): תֶּלְיְךָ, אָמַר לוֹ הֲרֵי הַבְּרָכוֹת תְּלוּיוֹת לְמַאן דְּחָמֵי לֵיהּ לְמִתְבָּרְכָא הוּא מִתְבָּרֵךְ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, שָׂא נָא כֵלֶיךָ, זוֹ בָּבָל (דניאל א, ב): וְאֶת הַכֵּלִים הֵבִיא בֵּית אוֹצַר אֱלֹהָיו, תֶּלְיְךָ, זוֹ מָדַי (אסתר ז, י): וַיִּתְלוּ אֶת הָמָן עַל הָעֵץ. קַשְׁתֶּךָ, זוֹ יָוָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (זכריה ט, יג): כִּי דָרַכְתִּי לִי יְהוּדָה קֶשֶׁת. וְצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה, זוֹ אֱדוֹם (בראשית לב, ד): אַרְצָה שֵׂעִיר שְׂדֵה אֱדוֹם. וַעֲשֵׂה לִי מַטְעַמִּים, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר זִמְרָא אָמַר, שְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים נֶאֶמְרוּ בּוֹ בָּעֵץ שֶׁאָכַל אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, טוֹב לְמַאֲכָל, וְיָפֶה לָעֵינַיִם, וּמוֹסִיף חָכְמָה. וּשְׁלָשְׁתָּן נֶאֶמְרוּ בְּפָסוּק אֶחָד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית ג, ו): וַתֵּרֶא הָאִשָּׁה כִּי טוֹב הָעֵץ לְמַאֲכָל, מִכָּאן שֶׁהוּא טוֹב לְמַאֲכָל. (בראשית ג, ו): וְכִי תַּאֲוָה הוּא לָעֵינַיִם, מִכָּאן שֶׁהוּא יָפֶה לָעֵינַיִם. (בראשית ג, ו): לְהַשְׂכִּיל, מִכָּאן שֶׁהוּא מוֹסִיף חָכְמָה. הֵיאַךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (תהלים פט, א): מַשְׂכִּיל לְאֵיתָן, וְכֵן יִצְחָק אָמַר וַעֲשֵׂה לִי מַטְעַמִּים, אָמַר לוֹ בַּתְּחִלָּה הָיִיתִי נֶהֱנֶה מִן הָרְאִיָּה, וְעַכְשָׁיו אֵינִי נֶהֱנָה אֶלָּא מִן הַטַּעַם. וְכֵן שְׁלֹמֹה אוֹמֵר (קהלת ה, י): בִּרְבוֹת הַטּוֹבָה רַבּוּ אוֹכְלֶיהָ, מִכָּאן לְסוּמִין שֶׁאֵינָם שְׂבֵעִים, לֹא דָמֵי הַהוּא דְּחָמֵי סוּלְגִיתָא פַּנְיָא וְכָפֵן, לְהַהוּא דְּחָמֵי סוּלְגִיתָא מַלְיָא וְשָׂבַע. (בראשית כז, ה): וַיֵּלֶךְ עֵשָׂו הַשָּׂדֶה לָצוּד צַיִד לְהָבִיא, אִם מָצָא הֲרֵי מוּטָב וְאִם לָאו לְהָבִיא מִן הַגְּזֵלוֹת וּמִן הַחֲמָסִין.
“Now, please take your gear, your quiver and your bow, and go out to the field, and hunt game for me” (Genesis 27:3).
“Now, please take your gear” – sharpen your hunting tools, so you will not feed me unslaughtered carcasses or mauled animals. Take your hunting tools, so you will not feed me stolen or forcibly-taken items.
“Your quiver [telyekha]” – he said to him: ‘The blessings are pending [teluyot]. The one who is worthy to be blessed, he will be blessed.’
Another matter, “please take your gear [kelekha],” this is Babylon – “and he brought the vessels to the treasure house of his god” (Daniel 1:2). “Your quiver [telyekha],” this is Media – “they hanged [vayitlu] Haman on the gibbet” (Esther 7:10). “Your bow,” this is Greece [Yavan] – “for I bend Judah for Me as a bow […on your children Yavan]” (Zechariah 9:13). “And go out to the field,” this is Edom – “to the land of Se’ir, the field of Edom” (Genesis 32:4).
“Prepare for me delicacies, as I like, and bring it to me, and I will eat; so that my soul will bless you before I die” (Genesis 27:4).
“Prepare for me delicacies” – Rabbi Eliezer said in the name of Rabbi Yosei bar Zimra: Three matters were stated regarding the tree from which Adam, the first man, ate: Good for eating, beautiful to the eyes, and adds wisdom. The three of them were stated in one verse: “The woman saw that the tree was good for eating” (Genesis 3:6) – from here [we learn] that it is good for eating; “and that it was enticing to the eyes” (Genesis 3:6) – from here [we learn] that it was beautiful to the eyes; “a source of wisdom [lehaskil]” (Genesis 3:6) – from here [we learn] that it adds wisdom, just as it says: “A contemplation [maskil] by Eitan” (Psalms 89:1). Likewise, Isaac said: “Prepare for me delicacies [matamim].” He said to him: ‘Initially, I would enjoy the sight, but now I enjoy only the taste [hataam].’ Likewise, Solomon said: “With the increase of goodness, its eaters increase; [and what use is it to its owner other than the sight of his eyes?]” (Ecclesiastes 5:10)16When someone is wealthy, his household is large and his food expenditures are great. He enjoys only the sight of the food. – from here [we learn] that the blind are not sated. One who sees an empty basket and is hungry is unlike one who sees a full basket and is sated.17Somebody who sees an empty basket feels hungry, while somebody who sees a full basket does not feel hungry, since he knows that there will be food when he is hungry.
“Rebecca heard as Isaac spoke to Esau his son. Esau went to the field to hunt game to bring” (Genesis 27:5).
“Esau went to the field to hunt game to bring” – if he finds, excellent, but if not, “to bring” – from stolen or forcibly-taken items.
וְרִבְקָה אָמְרָה אֶל יַעֲקֹב, הָבִיאָה לִי צַיִד, וְעַתָּה בְּנִי שְׁמַע בְּקֹלִי, לֶךְ נָא אֶל הַצֹּאן (בראשית כז, ו ט), אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי לֵךְ וְקַדֵּם אֶת הָאֻמָּה שֶׁמְשׁוּלָה לְצֹאן, הֵאיךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (יחזקאל לד, לא): וְאַתֵּן צֹאנִי צֹאן מַרְעִיתִי. (בראשית כז, ט): וּלְקַח לִי מִשָּׁם שְׁנֵי גְּדָיֵי עִזִּים טֹבִים, אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי אִם מָצָאתָ הֲרֵי מוּטָב וְאִם לָאו הָבֵא לִי מִפְּרָפּוֹרְנִין שֶׁלִּי, שֶׁכָּךְ כָּתַב לָהּ שֶׁהוּא מַעֲלֶה לָהּ שְׁנֵי גְּדָיִים בְּכָל יוֹם. טֹבִים, רַבִּי חֶלְבּוֹ אָמַר טוֹבִים לְךָ, שֶׁעַל יָדָן אַתְּ נוֹטֵל אֶת הַבְּרָכוֹת. וְטוֹבִים לְבָנֶיךָ, שֶׁעַל יָדָן הוּא מִתְכַּפֵּר לָהֶם בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא טז, ל): כִּי בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְכַפֵּר וגו'.
“Rebecca said to Jacob her son, saying: Behold, I heard your father speak to Esau your brother, saying” (Genesis 27:6).
“Bring me game, and prepare me tasty food and I will eat, and I will bless you before the Lord before my death” (Genesis 27:7).
“Now, my son, heed my voice to what I am commanding you” (Genesis 27:8).
“Go now to the flock, and take for me from there two fine goat kids, and I will make of them tasty food for your father, like that he likes” (Genesis 27:9).
“Rebecca said to Jacob…. Bring me game…. Now, my son, heed my voice…. Go now to the flock” – Rabbi Levi said: Go and see to the advancement of the nation that is likened to a flock, just as it says: “You are My flock, flock of My pasture” (Ezekiel 34:31).
“Take for me from there two fine goat kids” – Rabbi Levi said: [Rebecca said:] ‘If you find, excellent, but if not, go and bring me from my dowry,’ as, so he [Isaac] wrote to her, that he would provide her with two goat kids each day.
“Fine [tovim]” – Rabbi Ḥelbo said: Good [tovim] for you, as through them, you will take the blessings, and good for your descendants, as through them they will gain atonement on Yom Kippur, as it is written: “For on this day he shall atone…” (Leviticus 16:30).18Atonement was achieved through the offering of two goats on Yom Kippur.
וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב אֶל רִבְקָה אִמּוֹ הֵן עֵשָׂו אָחִי אִישׁ שָׂעִר (בראשית כז, יא), גְּבַר שֵׁדִין, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (ישעיה יג, כא): וּשְׂעִירִים יְרַקְּדוּ שָׁם, (בראשית כז, יא): וְאָנֹכִי אִישׁ חָלָק, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (דברים לב, ט): כִּי חֵלֶק ה' עַמּוֹ. רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר מָשָׁל לְקַוָּץ וְקֵרֵחַ, שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹמְדִין עַל שְׂפַת הַגֹּרֶן, וְעָלָה הַמּוֹץ בַּקַּוָּץ וְנִסְתַּבֵּךְ בִּשְׂעָרוֹ, עָלָה הַמּוֹץ בַּקֵּרֵחַ וְנָתַן יָדוֹ עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וְהֶעֱבִירוֹ. כָּךְ עֵשָׂו הָרָשָׁע מִתְלַכְלֵךְ בַּעֲוֹנוֹת כָּל יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה וְאֵין לוֹ בַּמֶּה יְכַפֵּר, אֲבָל יַעֲקֹב מִתְלַכְלֵךְ בַּעֲווֹנוֹת כָּל יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה וּבָא יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים וְיֶשׁ לוֹ בַּמֶּה יְכַפֵּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא טז, ל): כִּי בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְכַפֵּר. רַבִּי יִצְחָק אָמַר לֹא שָׁאוּל הוּא לָהּ וְלֹא שְׁאוּלָה הִיא לֵיהּ, אֶלָּא (ויקרא טז, כב): וְנָשָׂא הַשָּׂעִיר עָלָיו, זֶה עֵשָׂו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הֵן עֵשָׂו אָחִי אִישׁ שָׂעִר. (ויקרא טז, כב): אֶת כָּל עֲוֹנֹתָם, עֲוֹנוֹת תַּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית כה, כז): וְיַעֲקֹב אִישׁ תָּם. (בראשית כז, יב): אוּלַי יְמֻשֵּׁנִי אָבִי וְהָיִיתִי בְעֵינָיו כִּמְתַעְתֵּעַ, כְּמֵת וּכְתוֹעֶה וּכְעוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים. (בראשית כז, יב): וְהֵבֵאתִי עָלַי קְלָלָה וגו', אֲפִלּוּ בְּרָכָה אַחַת שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לִתֵּן בַּסוֹף אֵינוֹ נוֹתְנָהּ לִי. (בראשית כז, יג): וַתֹּאמֶר לוֹ אִמּוֹ עָלַי קִלְלָתְךָ בְּנִי, רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא אָמַר אָדָם שֶׁחָטָא לֹא אִמּוֹ נִתְקַלְּלָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית ג, יז): אֲרוּרָה הָאֲדָמָה בַּעֲבוּרֶךָ, אַף אַתָּה עָלַי קִלְלָתְךָ בְּנִי. אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק עָלַי לִכָּנֵס וְלוֹמַר לְאָבִיךָ יַעֲקֹב צַדִּיק וְעֵשָׂו רָשָׁע. (בראשית כז, יד): וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיִּקַּח וַיָּבֵא לְאִמּוֹ, אָנוּס וְכָפוּף וּבוֹכֶה.
“Jacob said to Rebecca his mother: Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy man, and I am a man of smooth skin” (Genesis 27:11).
“Jacob said to Rebecca his mother: Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy [sa’ir] man” – a demon-like man, just as it says: “Demons [se’irim] will dance there” (Isaiah 13:21). “And I am a man of smooth [ḥalak] skin” –just as it says: “For the Lord's portion [ḥelek] is His people” (Deuteronomy 32:9).
Rabbi Levi said: This is analogous to one with a full head of hair and a bald person who were standing at the edge of the threshing floor. The chaff went up onto the one with the full head of hair and became entangled in his hair. The chaff went up onto the bald person, and he placed his hand on his head and removed it. So, Esau the wicked is sullied with iniquities all the days of the year, and he has no means with which to gain atonement. But Jacob is sullied with iniquities all the days of the year, comes Yom Kippur, and he has the means with which to gain atonement, as it is stated: “For on this day he shall atone” (Leviticus 16:30).
Rabbi Yitzḥak said: This is not related to that and that is not related this.19The verse is not related to that interpretation and that interpretation is not related to the verse. Rather,20The same conclusion can be reached from a different source. “the goat shall bear upon itself” (Leviticus 16:22) – this is Esau, as it is stated: “Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy [sa’ir] man.” “All their iniquities [avonotam]” (Leviticus 16:22) – the iniquities of the simple man [avonot tam], as it is stated: “Jacob was a simple [tam] man” (Genesis 25:27).
“Perhaps my father will feel me, and I will be in his eyes as a deceiver, and I will bring upon myself a curse, and not a blessing” (Genesis 27:12).
“Perhaps my father will feel me, and I will be in his eyes as a deceiver [metate’a]” – like a dead man [met], an aberration [to’eh],21Metate’a is an acronym for met and to’eh. and an idolater.22Anyone who distorts the truth in his speech it is as though he engages in idol worship (Sanhedrin 92a).
“I will bring upon myself a curse” – even the one blessing that he is destined to bestow at the end,23See Genesis 28:4. he will not bestow it upon me.
“His mother said to him: Your curse is upon me, my son; only heed my voice, and go, take for me” (Genesis 27:13).
“His mother said to him: Your curse is upon me, my son” – Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Adam, who sinned, was it not his mother that was cursed, as it is stated: “The ground is cursed on your account”? (Genesis 3:17). You, too, “your curse is upon me, my son.” Rabbi Yitzḥak said: [Rebecca said:] ‘It is incumbent upon me to enter and say to your father: Jacob is righteous and Esau is wicked.’24It is incumbent upon me to see to it that there will be no curse at all.
“He went, took, and brought to his mother, and his mother made tasty food, like that his father likes” (Genesis 27:14).
“He went, took, and brought to his mother” – compelled, coerced, and weeping.
וַתִּקַּח רִבְקָה אֶת בִּגְדֵי עֵשָׂו בְּנָהּ הַגָּדֹל הַחֲמֻדֹת (בראשית כז, טו), מַה שֶּׁחָמַד מִנִּמְרֹד וַהֲרָגוֹ וּנְטָלָן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (משלי יב, יב): חָמַד רָשָׁע מְצוֹד רָעִים. (בראשית כז, טו): אֲשֶׁר אִתָּהּ בַּבָּיִת, שֶׁבָּהֶן הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת אָבִיו. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל כָּל יָמַי הָיִיתִי מְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת אַבָּא וְלֹא שִׁמַּשְׁתִּי אוֹתוֹ אֶחָד מִמֵּאָה שֶׁשִּׁמֵּשׁ עֵשָׂו אֶת אָבִיו, אֲנִי בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיִיתִי מְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת אַבָּא הָיִיתִי מְשַׁמְּשׁוֹ בִּבְגָדִים מְלֻכְלָכִין, וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיִיתִי יוֹצֵא לַדֶּרֶךְ הָיִיתִי יוֹצֵא בִּבְגָדִים נְקִיִּים, אֲבָל עֵשָׂו בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת אָבִיו לֹא הָיָה מְשַׁמְּשׁוֹ אֶלָּא בְּבִגְדֵי מַלְכוּת, אָמַר אֵין כְּבוֹדוֹ שֶׁל אַבָּא לִהְיוֹת מְשַׁמְּשׁוֹ אֶלָּא בְּבִגְדֵי מַלְכוּת, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: אֲשֶׁר אִתָּה בַּבָּיִת, כַּמָּה נָשִׁים הָיוּ לוֹ וְאַתְּ אֲמַרְתְּ אֲשֶׁר אִתָּהּ בַּבָּיִת, אֶלָּא דַּהֲוָה יָדַע מַאי עוֹבָדֵיהוֹן. אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא עוֹבָדָא הֲוָה בַּהֲדָא סִיעָא דִּפְרִיצִין בַּהֲדָהּ כְּפַר חַטְיָאה, דַּהֲווֹן נְהִיגִין אָכְלִין וְשָׁתִין בִּכְנִשְׁתָּא כָּל פַּתֵּי רַמְשָׁא דְּשַׁבָּא, מִן דַּהֲווֹן אָכְלִין הֲווֹ נָסְבִין גַּרְמַיָּא וּמְסַלְּקֵי יַתְהוֹן עַל סָפְרָא, חַד מִנְּהוֹן דְּמַךְ, אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ לְמַאן אַתְּ מַפְקֵיד עַל בְּנָךְ לְשָׁמְרוֹ, אֲמַר לְהוֹן לְסָפְרָא. וַהֲלֹא כַּמָּה רְחִימִין הָיוּ לוֹ וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לְסָפְרָא, אֶלָּא דַּהֲוָה יָדַע מָה עוֹבָדֵיהוֹן וּדְסָפְרָא הֵיךְ מִנְּהוֹן טָב, כָּךְ כַּמָּה נָשִׁים הָיוּ לוֹ וְאַתְּ אֲמַרְתְּ אֲשֶׁר אִתָּהּ בַּבָּיִת, אֶלָּא דַּהֲוָה יָדַע מָה עוֹבָדֵיהוֹן.
“Rebecca took the fine garments of Esau, her elder son, that were with her in the house, and she dressed Jacob her younger son” (Genesis 27:15).
“Rebecca took the fine [haḥamudot] garments of Esau, her elder son” – what he had coveted [sheḥamad] from Nimrod, and he killed him and took them. That is what is written: “The wicked covets the prey of the evil” (Proverbs 12:12).
“That were with her in the house” – in them he would attend his father. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: I attended my father all my days, and I did not attend him one one-hundredth of what Esau attended his father. When I would attend my father, I attended him with dirty garments, but when I would go out on the road, I would go out with clean garments. But Esau, when he would attend his father, he would attend him only with royal garments. He said: ‘It is not in keeping with Father’s honor to attend him in anything other than royal garments.’ That is what is written: “That were with her in the house.”
How many wives did he [Esau] have, and you say: “That were with her in the house”? It is because he [Esau] knew what their [his wives’] actions were.25Esau did not trust his wives and therefore kept the special set of his clothing in his mother's house. Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: There was an incident involving a group of scoundrels in that Kefar Ḥatya, who were accustomed to eat and drink in the synagogue every Shabbat eve. When they finished eating they would take the bones and cast them on the scribe. One of them was dying; they said to him: ‘To whom do you wish to entrust your son?’ He said to them: ‘To the scribe.’ But, how many friends did he have, but he said: ‘To the scribe’? It is, rather, that he knew what their actions were, and that the scribe was much better than they were. So, how many wives did he have, and the verse says: “That were with her in the house”? It is because he knew what their actions were.
וְאֵת עֹרֹת גְּדָיֵי הָעִזִּים (בראשית כז, טז), אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן תְּרֵי אֶדְרָעִין דַּאֲבוּנַן יַעֲקֹב כִּתְרֵין עַמּוּדִין דִּיפָרָא סוֹפָא, וְאַתְּ אֲמַרְתְּ הִלְבִּישָׁה עַל יָדָיו, אֶלָּא חַיְטַתְהוֹן. רַבִּי הוּנָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר שְׁנֵי תְּמִידִים שֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מַקְרִיבִים בֶּחָג, הָיוּ מַרְכִּיבִין אוֹתָן עַל שְׁנֵי הוֹגְנִין, וְהָיוּ רַגְלֵיהֶם שְׁפוּפוֹת בָּאָרֶץ. רַב הוּנָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר, קִנָּמוֹן הַזֶּה הָיָה גָּדוֹל בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְהָיוּ עִזִּים וּצְבָיִים מַגִּיעִים לְרֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל אִילָן וְאוֹכְלִים מִמֶּנּוּ. אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא וַהֲלֹא עֲגָלִים נִשְׁחָטִים בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְזֵיתִים נִקְצָצִים, וְעָפָר שֶׁבֶּהָרִים, מַעֲשֵׂה נִסִּים הֵם. אָמַר רַבִּי מוֹנָא הַכֹּל מַעֲשֵׂי נִסִּים. (בראשית כז, יז): וַתִּתֵּן אֶת הַמַּטְעַמִּים וְאֶת הַלֶּחֶם, לִוְתָה אוֹתוֹ עַד הַפֶּתַח, אָמְרָה עַד כָּאן הָיִיתִי חַיֶּבֶת לְךָ, מִכָּאן וָאֵילָךְ בָּרְיָךְ יְקוּם לָךְ.
“And the hides of the goat kids, she placed on his arms and on the smoothness of his neck” (Genesis 27:16).
“And the hides of the goat kids” – Rabbi Yoḥanan said: The two arms of our patriarch Jacob were like two pillars of marble, and you say “she placed on his arms”? It is, rather, that she sewed them.26Jacob's arms were very large, so his mother had to sew several skins together in order to have enough material to cover his arms. Rabbi Huna said in the name of Rabbi Yosei: The two daily offerings that Israel would sacrifice on the Festival,27Sukkot. they would place them on young camels, and their legs would drag on the ground. Rabbi Huna said in the name of Rabbi Yosei: This cinnamon tree that would grow in the Land of Israel, and goats and gazelles would reach the top of the tree and eat from it.28Thus, it is possible the the skin of the goats sufficed to cover the arms of Jacob, and Rebecca did not have to sew them. Rabbi Ḥanina said: But are calves not slaughtered in the Land of Israel, and olive trees hewn, and fertile soil on the mountains?29In our day we do not see such large animals and large trees, even though it is the same soil. Thus, it must be that these large trees and animals are miraculous (Radal). These were miraculous acts. Rabbi Mona said: They are all miraculous acts.
“She gave the delicacies and the bread that she prepared into the hand of Jacob her son” (Genesis 27:17).
“She gave the delicacies and the bread” – she accompanied him until the entrance. She said: ‘To this point I was obligated to you, from here on, your Creator will stand with you.’
וַיָּבֹא אֶל אָבִיו וַיֹּאמֶר אָבִי וגו' אָנֹכִי עֵשָׂו בְּכֹרֶךְ (בראשית כז, יח יט), אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי אָנֹכִי עָתִיד לְקַבֵּל עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת, אֲבָל עֵשָׂו בְּכֹרֶךְ. (בראשית כז, יט): קוּם נָא שְׁבָה, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיַעֲקֹב אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ קוּם נָא שְׁבָה, חַיֶּיךָ בּוֹ בַּלָּשׁוֹן אֲנִי פּוֹרֵעַ לְךָ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר י, לה): קוּמָה ה' וְיָפֻצוּ אֹיְבֶיךָ. (משלי יג, כג): וְיֵשׁ נִסְפֶּה בְּלֹא מִשְׁפָּט, זֶה עֵשָׂו, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְעֵשָׂו, אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ (בראשית כז, לא): יָקֻם אָבִי, גַּדָּא דַּעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים דְּאַתְּ קָאֵים, חַיֶּיךָ בּוֹ אַף אֲנִי בּוֹ בַּלָּשׁוֹן אֲנִי פּוֹרֵעַ לְךָ (תהלים סח, ב): יָקוּם אֱלֹהִים יָפוּצוּ אוֹיְבָיו.
“He came to his father, and said: My father, and he said: Here I am; who are you, my son?” (Genesis 27:18).
“Jacob said to his father: I am Esau your firstborn; I did as you spoke to me. Arise please, sit and eat from my game, so that your soul will bless me” (Genesis 27:19).
“He came to his father, and said…I am Esau your firstborn” – Rabbi Levi said: I am destined to receive the Ten Commandments, but Esau is your firstborn.
“Arise please, sit” – the Holy One blessed be He said to Jacob: ‘You said: “Arise please, sit.”30Jacob asked his father politely to sit up. As you live, I will repay you,’ as it is stated: “Arise Lord, and may Your enemies be dispersed” (Numbers 10:35). “Some are swept away without justice” (Proverbs 13:23) – this is Esau.31Who was punished for his speech and not for his action. The Holy One blessed be He said to Esau: ‘You said: “let my father arise” (Genesis 27:31) – like an idolic talisman which you stand up?32Esau gave a command to his father to get up, which is considered rude behavior. As you live, with that same expression, I will exact retribution against you’: “May God arise and His enemies scatter” (Psalms 68:2).
וַיֹּאמֶר יִצְחָק אֶל בְּנוֹ מַה זֶּה מִהַרְתָּ לִמְצֹא בְּנִי (בראשית כז, כ), מִהַרְתָּ לִמְצֹא אֶת הַבְּרָכָה בְּנִי, אָבִיךָ נִתְבָּרֵךְ בֶּן שִׁבְעִים וְחָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים, וְאַתָּה בֶּן שִׁשִּׁים וְשָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים, (בראשית כז, כ): וַיֹּאמֶר כִּי הִקְרָה ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְפָנָי, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ, חַד מִנְּהוֹן אֲמַר אִם לְקָרְבָּנְךָ הִמְצִיא לְךָ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית כב, יג): וַיִּשָּׂא אַבְרָהָם אֶת עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה אַיִל, לְמַאֲכָלְךָ עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה. וְאוֹחֲרָנָא אֲמַר אִם לְזִוּוּגְךָ הִמְצִיא לְךָ, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית כד, יב): הַקְרֵה נָא לְפָנַי הַיּוֹם, וּכְתִיב (בראשית כד, סג): וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה גְמַלִּים בָּאִים, לְמַאֲכָלְךָ עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, כִּי הִקְרָה ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְפָנָי, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר לְעוֹרְבָא דְּאַיְתֵי נוּרָא עַל קִנֵּיהּ, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר כִּי הִקְרָה ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְפָנָי, אָמַר יִצְחָק יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁאֵין עֵשָׂו מַזְכִּיר שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, זֶה מַזְכִּיר, אֵין זֶה עֵשָׂו אֶלָּא יַעֲקֹב, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר יִצְחָק לְיַעֲקֹב (בראשית כז, כא): גְּשָׁה נָּא וַאֲמֻשְׁךָ בְּנִי, נִשְׁפְּכוּ מַיִם עַל שׁוֹקָיו וְהָיָה לִבּוֹ רָפֶה כַּשַּׁעֲוָה, וְזִמֵּן לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שְׁנֵי מַלְאָכִים אֶחָד מִימִינוֹ וְאֶחָד מִשְּׂמֹאלוֹ, וְהָיוּ אוֹחֲזִין אוֹתוֹ בְּמַרְפֵּקוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹא יִפֹּל, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ישעיה מא, י): אַל תִּשְׁתָּע כִּי אֲנִי אֱלֹהֶיךָ, אַל תִּשְׁוָע.
“Isaac said to his son: How is it that you were so quick to find it, my son? And he said: Because the Lord your God coordinated it before me” (Genesis 27:20).
“Isaac said to Jacob: Please approach, that I may feel you, my son, are you my son Esau or not?” (Genesis 27:21).
“Isaac said to his son: How is it that you were so quick to find it, my son?” – you were so quick to find the blessing, my son? Your father was blessed at seventy five years old,33God blessed Isaac after Abraham’s death. Abraham died at age one hundred and seventy-five. Isaac was born when Abraham was one hundred years old. and you are sixty-three years old.34See Bereshit Rabba 62:5.
“And he said: Because the Lord your God coordinated it before me” – Rabbi Yoḥanan and Reish Lakish, one of them said: If for your offering, the Holy One blessed be He provided for you, as it is stated: “Abraham lifted his eyes and saw that behold, there was a ram” (Genesis 22:13); for your food, all the more so. The other said: If for your mate He provided for you, as it is stated: “Please arrange it for me today” (Genesis 24:12), and it is written: “Behold, he saw camels coming” (Genesis 24:63); for your food, all the more so.
“And he said: Because the Lord your God coordinated it before me” – Rabbi Yoḥanan said: This is analogous to a raven that brought fire to its nest. When he said: “Because the Lord your God coordinated it before me,” Isaac said: ‘I know that Esau would not mention the name of the Holy One blessed be He; this one mentions. This is not Esau, but Jacob.’ When Isaac said to Jacob: “Please approach, that I may feel you, my son,” water spilled on his [Jacob's] thighs,35He urinated in fear. and his heart was as soft as wax. The Holy One blessed be He appointed two angels for him, one to his right and one to his left, and they were holding his elbow so he would not fall. That is what is written: “Do not waver [tishta], as I am your God” (Isaiah 41:10) – do not become wax [tishva].
וַיִּגַּשׁ יַעֲקֹב אֶל יִצְחָק וגו' הַקֹּל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב (בראשית כז, כב), הָא קוֹל דְּקָל חַכִּים וְיָדַיָּה דְּמַשְׁלַחִין מִיתִין. דָּבָר אַחֵר, הַקֹּל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב, אֵין יַעֲקֹב שׁוֹלֵט אֶלָּא בְּקוֹלוֹ, הַקֹּל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב וְהַיָּדַיִם יְדֵי עֵשָׂו, אֵין עֵשָׂו שׁוֹלֵט אֶלָּא בַּיָּדָיִם. דָּבָר אַחֵר, הַקֹּל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב, אָמַר רַבִּי פִּנְחָס קוֹלוֹ שֶׁל יַעֲקֹב מַכְנִיס, וְהַיָּדַיִם יְדֵי עֵשָׂו, מְרַמֵּז לֵיהּ וְהוּא אָתֵי. דָּבָר אַחֵר, הַקֹּל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב, אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁיַּעֲקֹב מַרְכִּין בְּקוֹלוֹ, יְדֵי עֵשָׂו שׁוֹלְטוֹת, דִּכְתִיב (שמות טו, כד): וַיִּלֹּנוּ כָּל הָעֵדָה, (שמות יז, ח): וַיָּבֹא עֲמָלֵק, וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא מְצַפְצֵף בְּקוֹלוֹ אֵין הַיָּדַיִם יְדֵי עֵשָׂו, אֵין יְדֵי עֵשָׂו שׁוֹלְטוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא לֹא עָמְדוּ פִּילוֹסוֹפִין בָּעוֹלָם כְּבִלְעָם בֶּן בְּעוֹר וּכְאַבְנִימוֹס הַגַּרְדִּי, נִתְכַּנְסוּ כָּל עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים אֶצְלוֹ, אָמְרוּ לוֹ תֹּאמַר שֶׁאָנוּ יְכוֹלִים לִזְדַּוֵּג לְאֻמָּה זוֹ, אָמַר לְכוּ וְחִזְּרוּ עַל בָּתֵּי כְנֵסִיּוֹת וְעַל בָּתֵּי מִדְרָשׁוֹת שֶׁלָּהֶן, וְאִם מְצָאתֶם שָׁם תִּינוֹקוֹת מְצַפְצְפִין בְּקוֹלָן אֵין אַתֶּם יְכוֹלִים לְהִזְדַּוֵּג לָהֶם, שֶׁכָּךְ הִבְטִיחָן אֲבִיהֶן וְאָמַר לָהֶם, הַקֹּל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב, בִּזְמַן שֶׁקּוֹלוֹ שֶׁל יַעֲקֹב מָצוּי בְּבָתֵּי כְנֵסִיּוֹת אֵין הַיָּדַיִם יְדֵי עֵשָׂו, וְאִם לָאו, הַיָּדַיִם יְדֵי עֵשָׂו, אַתֶּם יְכוֹלִים לָהֶם. הַקֹּל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב, בְּפִילֶגֶשׁ בַּגִּבְעָה (שופטים כא, יח): אָרוּר נֹתֵן אִשָּׁה לְבִנְיָמִין. הַקֹּל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב, בִּימֵי יָרָבְעָם, קוֹל בְּכִי שֶׁהָרְגוּ מֵהֶם חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (דברי הימים ב יג, כ): וְלֹא עָצַר כֹּחַ יָרָבְעָם, אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן מָה אַתְּ סָבוּר שֶׁיָּרָבְעָם נִגַף, וַהֲלֹא לֹא נִגַּף אֶלָּא אֲבִיָה, וְלָמָּה נִגַּף, רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא אָמַר עַל יְדֵי שֶׁהֶעֱבִיר הַכָּרַת פָּנִים שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, דִּכְתִיב (ישעיה ג, ט): הַכָּרַת פְּנֵיהֶם עָנְתָה בָּם. וְרַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר עַל יְדֵי שֶׁהֶעֱמִיד עֲלֵיהֶם שׁוֹמְרִים שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים עַד שֶׁנִּתְקַלְקְלָה צוּרָתָן, דִּתְנַן אֵין מְעִידִין אֶלָּא עַל פַּרְצוּף פָּנִים עִם הַחֹטֶם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ סִימָנִין בְּגוּפוֹ וּבְכֵלָיו. וְאֵין מְעִידִים אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים. עֲלֵיהֶם הוּא אוֹמֵר (ירמיה טו, ח): עָצְמוּ לִי אַלְמְנוֹתָו מֵחוֹל יַמִּים, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ וְרַבָּנָן, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר עַל שֶׁבִּזָּה לַאֲחִיָּה הַשִּׁילוֹנִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א כא, י): וְעִמָּכֶם אֲנָשִׁים בְּנֵי בְלִיַּעַל, קָרָא לַאֲחִיָּה הַשִּׁילוֹנִי בְּלִיַּעַל. רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר עַל שֶׁחִסְדָּם בָּרַבִּים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברי הימים ב יג, ח): וְאַתֶּם הָמוֹן רָב וְעִמָּכֶם עֶגְלֵי זָהָב. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי עַל שֶׁבָּאת עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים לְיָדוֹ וְלֹא בִּטְלָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברי הימים ב יג, יט): וַיִּרְדֹּף אֲבִיָּה אַחֲרֵי יָרָבְעָם, וּכְתִיב (דברי הימים ב יג, יט): וַיִּלְכֹּד מִמֶּנּוּ עָרִים אֶת בֵּית אֵל וְאֶת בְּנוֹתֶיהָ. וּכְתִיב (מלכים א יכ, כט): וַיָּשֶׂם אֶת הָאֶחָד בְּבֵית אֵל. וַהֲרֵי דְבָרִים קַל וָחֹמֶר, וּמָה אִם מֶלֶךְ עַל יְדֵי שֶׁהוֹנָה מֶלֶךְ כָּמוֹהוּ עֲנָשׁוֹ הַכָּתוּב וְנִגַּף, הֶדְיוֹט שֶׁהוּא מוֹנֶה הֶדְיוֹט עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה.
“Jacob approached Isaac his father and he felt him, and he said: The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau” (Genesis 27:22).
“Jacob approached Isaac…The voice is the voice of Jacob” – this voice is the voice of a wise man, but his hands are those that flay dead animals.
Another matter, “the voice is the voice of Jacob” – Jacob rules only with his voice. “The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau” – Esau rules only with his hands.
Another matter, “the voice is the voice of Jacob” – Rabbi Pinḥas said: The voice of Jacob withdraws into itself.36When he does not use his voice for prayer and Torah study. The Matnot Kehuna suggests that the fact that the word hakol is without a vav it can be read as if the voice of Jacob is demeaned (kal). “But the hands are the hands of Esau” – He signals to him and he comes.37The Holy One blessed be He signals to Esau and he comes to attack Jacob.
Another matter, “the voice is the voice of Jacob” – Rabbi Berekhya said: When Jacob murmurs with his voice,38Uses his voice for matters which are said quietly, such as slander. the hands of Esau dominate, as it is written: “the people complained,”39The specific words mentioned in the verse preceding the advent of Amalek are slightly different, see Exodus 17:3. (Exodus 15:24), “Amalek came” (Exodus 17:8). But when he calls loudly with his voice, the hands are not the hands of Esau, the hands of Esau do not dominate. Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: No philosophers stood in the world like Bilam son of Beor and like Avnimos the weaver. All the idolaters gathered before him.40Avnimos (see Etz Yosef). They said to him: ‘Do you say that we can confront this nation?’ He said: ‘Go and circulate among their synagogues and study halls; if you find children there crying out,41Words of Torah. you will not be able to confront them, as this is what their ancestor promised them: “The voice is the voice of Jacob” – when the voice of Jacob is found in the synagogues, the hands are not the hands of Esau, but if not, “the hands are the hands of Esau” – you can overcome them.’
“The voice is the voice of Jacob” – in the case of the concubine in Giva –“cursed is he who gives a wife to Benjamin” (Judges 21:18).42The Etz Yosef explains that here the midrash is stating that there are instances in which the use of the voice of Jacob in an unwise manner can lead to behavior reminiscent of Esau. Because the Israelites issued a (spoken) curse forbidding the giving of any daughter in marriage to any man from the tribe of Benjamin, they had to later tell the men of Benjamin to "steal" women as wives for themselves, which is Esau-type behavior (see Judges 21:18–22).
“The voice is the voice of Jacob” – in the days of Yerovam. The sound of weeping because they killed five hundred thousand among them, as it is written – “Yerovam did not gain strength again [in the days of Aviya; and the Lord afflicted him, and he died]” (II Chronicles 13:20). Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: What do you think; that Yerovam was afflicted? But was it not Aviya who was afflicted? Why was he afflicted? Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: It is because he defaced the identifying features of Israel’s faces, as it is written: “The expression of their faces testifies against them” (Isaiah 3:9). Rabbi Levi said: Because he positioned guards over them for three days until their form decayed, as we learned: One may testify43The reference is to giving testimony that a husband died so that his widow could remarry. only about the countenance of the face with the nose, even if there are distinguishing marks on his body and his belongings…and one may testify only up to three days.44Yevamot 120a. In their regard he says: “Their widows proliferated for Me beyond the sand of the seas” (Jeremiah 15:8). Rabbi Yoḥanan, Reish Lakish, and the Rabbis, Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Because he denigrated Aḥiya the Shilonite, as it is stated: "[Worthless and] wicked people [gathered around him]”45The Hebrew does not bring the exact quote of the verse. (II Chronicles 13:7) – he called Aḥiya the Shilonite wicked. Reish Lakish said: Because he humiliated them publicly, as it is stated: “You are a great multitude, and with you are the golden calves” (II Chronicles 13:8). The Rabbis said: It is because an idol came into his possession and he did not nullify it,46He did not destroy the golden calf which Yerovam had erected in Beit El. as it is stated: “Aviya pursued Yerovam” (II Chronicles 13:19), and it is written: “And captured cities from him: Beit El and its environs” (II Chronicles 13:19), and it is written: “He placed one in Beit El” (I Kings 12:29). The matters can be derived a fortiori: If a king, because he mistreated a king like him, the verse punished him and he was defeated, a commoner who mistreats a commoner, all the more so.
דָּבָר אַחֵר, הַקֹּל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב, הָא קוֹלוֹ מְשַׁתֵּק אֶת הָעֶלְיוֹנִים וְאֶת הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים. רַבִּי רְאוּבֵן אָמַר כְּתִיב (יחזקאל א, כה): בְּעָמְדָם תְּרַפֶּינָה כַנְפֵיהֶן. בְּעָמְדָם וְכִי יֵשׁ יְשִׁיבָה לְמַעְלָה, לֹא כֵן אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל אֵין יְשִׁיבָה לְמַעְלָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל א, ז): וְרַגְלֵיהֶם רֶגֶל יְשָׁרָה, אֵין לָהֶם קְפִיצִים (דניאל ז, טז): קִרְבֵת עַל חַד מִן קָאֲמַיָּא, מַה הוּא דֵין לְשׁוֹן קָאֲמַיָּא, קְיָמַיָּא. (ישעיה ו, ב): שְׂרָפִים עֹמְדִים מִמַּעַל לוֹ, (דברי הימים ב יח, יח): וְכָל צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם עֹמְדִים, וְאַתְּ אֲמַרְתְּ בְּעָמְדָם, אֶתְמְהָא. וּמָה הִיא בְּעָמְדָם, בָּא עָם דֹּם. בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל אוֹמְרִין שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמַּלְאָכִים שׁוֹתְקִין, וְאַחַר כָּךְ תְּרַפֶּינָה כַנְפֵיהֶן, וּמָה הֵן אוֹמְרִין (יחזקאל ג, יב): בָּרוּךְ כְּבוֹד ה' מִמְּקוֹמוֹ, וּבָרוּךְ שֵׁם כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ. רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר (איוב לח, ז): בְּרָן יַחַד כּוֹכְבֵי בֹקֶר וַיָּרִיעוּ כָּל בְּנֵי אֱלֹהִים, מַה שֶּׁזַּרְעוֹ שֶׁל יַעֲקֹב שֶׁנִּמְשַׁל לַכּוֹכָבִים מְקַלְּסִין, דִּכְתִיב בְּהוֹן (דניאל יב, ג): וּמַצְדִּיקֵי הָרַבִּים כַּכּוֹכָבִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ וַיָּרִיעוּ כָּל בְּנֵי אֱלֹהִים, אֵלּוּ מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת, מָה הֵן אוֹמְרִין בָּרוּךְ שֵׁם כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ. רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן אָמַר כְּתִיב (יחזקאל ג, יב): וַתִּשָּׂאֵנִי רוּחַ וָאֶשְׁמַע אַחֲרַי קוֹל רַעַשׁ גָּדוֹל וגו'. רַעַשׁ גָּדוֹל, אֶתְמְהָא, אֶלָּא מִשֶּׁקִּלַּסְתִּי אֲנִי וַחֲבֵרִי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ וָאֶשְׁמַע אַחֲרַי קוֹל רַעַשׁ גָּדוֹל בָּרוּךְ כְּבוֹד ה' מִמְקוֹמוֹ, וּמָה הֵם אוֹמְרִים, בָּרוּךְ שֵׁם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר אִלָּעִי הָיָה דוֹרֵשׁ הַקּוֹל קוֹלוֹ שֶׁל יַעֲקֹב מְצַוַּחַת מִמַּה שֶּׁעָשׂוּ לוֹ הַיָּדַיִם יְדֵי עֵשָׂו. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן קוֹלוֹ שֶׁל אַדְרִיָּנוּס קֵיסָר שֶׁהָרַג בְּבֵיתָר שְׁמוֹנִים אֶלֶף רִבּוֹא בְּנֵי אָדָם.
Another matter, “the voice is the voice of Jacob” – his voice silences the celestial beings and the earthly beings. Rabbi Reuven said: It is written: “When they stood, their wings would slacken” (Ezekiel 1:25). “When they stood” – is there sitting on High? Did Rabbi Shmuel not say: There is no sitting on High, as it is stated: “Their legs were a straight leg” (Ezekiel 1:7). They have no joints – “I approached one of those angels [kamaya]” (Daniel 7:16). What is this expression kamaya? It is standing [kayamaya]. “Seraphim were standing above Him” (Isaiah 6:2). “[He said: Therefore, hear the word of the Lord. I saw the Lord sitting on His throne,] and all the host of the heavens were standing [to His right and His left]” (II Chronicles 18:18), and you say: “When they stood”? I wonder. What is “when they stood [beomdam]”? When the nation comes, [there is] silence [ba am dom]. When Israel recites Shema Yisrael, the angels are silent, and then their wings would slacken. What do they recite? “Blessed is the glory of the Lord from His place” (Ezekiel 3:12), and blessed is the name of the glory of His kingdom.
Rabbi Levi said: “When the morning stars sang together, and all the children of the great shouted” (Job 38:7) what the offspring of Jacob, who was likened to the stars, laud, as it is written in their regard: “Those who lead the multitudes to righteousness, like the stars” (Daniel 12:3). Then, “all the children of the great shouted” – these are the ministering angels. What do they recite? “Blessed is the glory of the Lord from His place” (Ezekiel 3:12).
Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: It is written: “A wind lifted me, and I heard behind me the sound of a great noise…” (Ezekiel 3:12). “Great noise” – I wonder. Rather, after I and my counterparts lauded, then, “ I heard behind me the sound of a great noise: Blessed is the glory of the Lord from His place.” What do they recite? Blessed is the name. Rabbi Yehuda bar Ilai would expound: “The voice is the voice of Jacob” screaming because of what “the hands are the hands of Esau” did to him. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: The voice [of Jacob, due to] the emperor Hadrian who killed eight hundred million people in Beitar.47The point is that a very large number of people were killed.
וְלֹא הִכִּירוֹ (בראשית כז, כג), בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיוּ רְשָׁעִים עוֹמְדִים מִמֶּנּוּ לֹא הִכִּירוֹ. (בראשית כז, כו): וַיֹּאמֶר גְּשָׁה נָּא וּשְׁקָה לִּי, אָמַר לוֹ אַתְּ נוֹשְׁקֵנִי בַּקְּבוּרָה וְאֵין אַחֵר נוֹשְׁקֵנִי בַּקְּבוּרָה. (בראשית כז, כז): וַיִּגַּשׁ וַיִּשַּׁק לוֹ וַיָּרַח אֶת רֵיחַ בְּגָדָיו, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אֵין לְךָ דָּבָר שֶׁרֵיחוֹ קָשֶׁה מִן הַשֶּׁטֶף הַזֶּה שֶׁל עִזִּים וְאַתְּ אֲמַרְתְּ וַיָּרַח אֶת רֵיחַ בְּגָדָיו וַיְבָרֲכֵהוּ, אֶלָּא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנִּכְנַס אָבִינוּ יַעֲקֹב אֵצֶל אָבִיו נִכְנְסָה עִמּוֹ גַּן עֵדֶן, הֲדָא הוּא דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ (בראשית כז, כז): רְאֵה רֵיחַ בְּנִי כְּרֵיחַ שָׂדֶה, וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁנִּכְנַס עֵשָׂו אֵצֶל אָבִיו נִכְנְסָה עִמּוֹ גֵּיהִנֹּם, הֵיאךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (משלי יא, ב): בָּא זָדוֹן וַיָּבֹא קָלוֹן. דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיָּרַח אֶת רֵיחַ בְּגָדָיו וַיְבָרֲכֵהוּ, כְּגוֹן יוֹסֵף מְשִׁיתָא וְיָקוּם אִישׁ צְרוֹרוֹת. יוֹסֵף מְשִׁיתָא, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבִּקְּשׁוּ שׂוֹנְאִים לְהִכָּנֵס לְהַר הַבַּיִת אָמְרוּ יִכָּנֵס מֵהֶם וּבָהֶם תְּחִלָּה, אֲמָרִין לֵיהּ עוּל וּמַה דְּאַתְּ מַפִּיק דִּידָךְ, נִכְנַס וְהוֹצִיא מְנוֹרָה שֶׁל זָהָב, אָמְרוּ לוֹ אֵין דַּרְכּוֹ שֶׁל הֶדְיוֹט לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּזוֹ, אֶלָּא עוּל זְמַן תִּנְיָנוּת וּמַה דְּאַתְּ מַפִּיק דִּידָךְ, וְלֹא קִבֵּל עָלָיו. אָמַר רַבִּי פִּינְחָס נָתְנוּ לוֹ מֶכֶס שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים, וְלֹא קִבֵּל עָלָיו, אָמַר לֹא דַּיִּי שֶׁהִכְעַסְתִּי לֵאלֹהַי פַּעַם אַחַת אֶלָּא שֶׁאַכְעִיסֶנּוּ פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה. מֶה עָשׂוּ לוֹ נָתְנוּ אוֹתוֹ בַּחֲמוֹר שֶׁל חָרָשִׁים וְהָיוּ מְנַסְּרִים בּוֹ, הָיָה מְצַוֵּחַ וְאוֹמֵר וַוי אוֹי אוֹי שֶׁהִכְעַסְתִּי לְבוֹרְאִי. וְיָקוּם אִישׁ צְרוֹרוֹת הָיָה בֶּן אֲחוֹתוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן יוֹעֶזֶר אִישׁ צְרֵידָה, וַהֲוָה רָכֵיב סוּסְיָא בְּשַׁבְּתָא אֲזַל קוֹמֵי שָׁרִיתָא לְמִצְטַבָּלָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ חֲמֵי סוּסִי דְּאַרְכְּבִי מָרִי וַחֲמֵי סוּסָךָ דְּאַרְכְּבֵךְ מָרָךְ. אָמַר לוֹ אִם כָּךְ לְמַכְעִיסָיו קַל וָחֹמֶר לְעוֹשֵׂי רְצוֹנוֹ, אָמַר לוֹ עָשָׂה אָדָם רְצוֹנוֹ יוֹתֵר מִמְּךָ, אָמַר לוֹ וְאִם כָּךְ לְעוֹשֵׂי רְצוֹנוֹ קַל וָחֹמֶר לְמַכְעִיסָיו. נִכְנַס בּוֹ הַדָּבָר כְּאֶרֶס שֶׁל עַכְנָא, הָלַךְ וְקִיֵּם בְּעַצְמוֹ אַרְבַּע מִיתוֹת בֵּית דִּין, סְקִילָה, שְׂרֵפָה, הֶרֶג וְחֶנֶק, מֶה עָשָׂה, הֵבִיא קוֹרָה נְעָצָהּ בָּאָרֶץ וְקָשַׁר בָּהּ נִימָא וְעָרַךְ הָעֵצִים וְהִקִּיפָן גָּדֵר שֶׁל אֲבָנִים, וְעָשָׂה מְדוּרָה לְפָנֶיהָ וְנָעַץ אֶת הַחֶרֶב בָּאֶמְצַע וְהִצִּית הָאוּר תַּחַת הָעֵצִים מִתַּחַת הָאֲבָנִים, וְנִתְלָה בַּקּוֹרָה וְנֶחְנַק, קִדְּמַתּוֹ הָאֵשׁ, נִפְסְקָה הַנִּימָה, נָפַל לָאֵשׁ, קִדְּמַתּוֹ חֶרֶב וְנָפַל עָלָיו גָּדֵר וְנִשְׂרַף. נִתְנַמְנֵם יוֹסֵי בֶּן יוֹעֶזֶר אִישׁ צְרֵידָה וְרָאָה מִטָּתוֹ פָּרְחָה בָּאֲוִיר, אָמַר בְּשָׁעָה קַלָּה קְדָמַנִּי זֶה לְגַן עֵדֶן.
“He did not recognize him, because his hands were hairy like the hands of his brother Esau, and he blessed him” (Genesis 27:23).
“He did not recognize him” – when wicked people were produced from him, he [Isaac] did not recognize them.
“His father Isaac said to him: Approach and kiss me, my son” (Genesis 27:26).
“Approach and kiss me” – he said to him: ‘You will be adjacent to me in burial, but no other will be adjacent to me in burial.’
“He approached and kissed him, and he smelled the scent of his garments, and blessed him, and said: See, the scent of my son is as the scent of a field that the Lord blessed” (Genesis 27:27).
“He approached and kissed him, and he smelled the scent of his garments” – Rabbi Yoḥanan said: There is nothing whose odor is viler than this goat hide, and you say: “He smelled the scent of his garments, and blessed him”? It is, rather, that when our patriarch Jacob entered to his father, the Garden of Eden entered with him. That is what he said to him: “See, the scent of my son is as the scent of a field.” But when Esau entered to his father, Gehenna entered with him, just as it says: “With the arrival of spite, disgrace arrives” (Proverbs 11:2).
Another matter, “he smelled the scent of his garments [begadav],48This is expounded to mean “his traitors [bogedav]” have a good scent – they repent. and blessed him” – e.g., Yosef Meshita and Yakum of Tzerorot. Yosef Meshita, when the enemies sought to enter the Temple Mount, they said: ‘Let one of them enter, and it49The desecration. will begin with them.’ They said to him:50They wanted a Jew to enter the Temple Mount first, and chose Yosef Meshita, who agreed to enter. ‘Enter, and whatever you take out is yours.’ He entered and took out a golden candelabrum. They said to him: ‘It is not appropriate for a commoner to make use of this.51It should be given to the emperor. Instead, enter again, and what you take out is yours.’ He refused. Rabbi Pinḥas said: They offered him taxes for three years,52He could keep whatever taxes he would collect from the people. but he refused. He said: ‘Is it not enough that I angered my God once, that I would anger Him a second time?’ What did they do to him? They placed him on a carpenter’s sawhorse and were sawing him. He was shouting and saying: ‘Woe is me that I angered my Creator.’
Yakum of Tzerorot was the son of the sister of Rabbi Yosei ben Yoezer of Tzereida. He was riding a horse on Shabbat. In front of him, a cross on which Jews who observed Shabbat would be crucified was being dragged. He [Yakum of Tzerorot] said to him [Yosei ben Yoezer]: ‘Look at the horse on which my master has me riding, and look at the horse on which your Master has you riding.’53When the cross was too heavy to bear, very often they would drag it between their legs, so it looked like a horse. He told him: ‘If so it is for those who anger Him, all the more so for those who perform His will.’ He [also] said to him: ‘If it is so for those who perform his will, all the more so for those who anger him.’54Yosei ben Yoezer made two responses to his nephew. First, that if he had received a reward despite angering God, certainly, those who serve God will ultimately receive a reward. Second, if those who serve God suffer so much, certainly those who anger God will ultimately suffer more. It [his uncle’s words] penetrated him like the venom of a serpent. He went and fulfilled in himself the four court-imposed death penalties – stoning, burning, beheading, and strangulation. What did he do? He brought a beam and stuck it into the ground. He tied a string to it, arranged wood, and surrounded it with a stone fence.55The stone fence was supported by the wood which it surrounded. He kindled a bonfire before it,56The bonfire was kindled near the fence, and when the fire reached the fence it kindled the wood which was within the fence and partially under the fence. stuck a sword in the middle,57The sword was in the middle of the wood which was arranged within the fence near the beam. kindled the fire under the stones, hanged himself from the beam and was strangled. The fire reached him, it severed the string, he fell into the fire, the sword reached him, the fence fell on him, and he was burned. Yosei ben Yoezer of Tzereida dozed and saw his bier floating in the air. He said: ‘That one preceded me by a small amount of time into the Garden of Eden.’
דָּבָר אַחֵר, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהֶרְאָה לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ בָּנוּי וְחָרֵב וּבָנוּי, רְאֵה רֵיחַ בְּנִי, הֲרֵי בָּנוּי. הָאֵיךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (במדבר כח, ב): רֵיחַ נִיחֹחִי תִּשְׁמְרוּ. כְּרֵיחַ שָׂדֶה, הֲרֵי חָרֵב, כְּמָא דְאַתְּ אָמַר (מיכה ג, יב): צִיּוֹן שָׂדֶה תֵּחָרֵשׁ. אֲשֶׁר בֵּרֲכוֹ ה', בָּנוּי וּמְשׁוּכְלָל לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא, כְּעִנְיַן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קלג, ג): כִּי שָׁם צִוָּה ה' אֶת הַבְּרָכָה חַיִּים עַד הָעוֹלָם.
Another matter, it teaches that the Holy One blessed be He showed him the Temple built and destroyed and built. “See, the scent of my son” – that is built, just as it says: “My pleasing aroma; you shall observe” (Numbers 28:2). “Like the scent of a field” – that is destroyed, just as it says: “Zion will be plowed as a field” (Micah 3:12). “That the Lord blessed” – built and enhanced in the future, as it is stated: “For there the Lord commanded the blessing of life, for eternity” (Psalms 133:3).
##“And may God give you from the dew of the heavens, and from the fat of the land, and an abundance of grain and wine” (Genesis 27:28).