Said R. Simeon: ‘When the Shekinah went down to Egypt, a celestial “living being” (Hayah, cf. Ezek. 1, 5), called “Israel”, in form like the patriarch Jacob, went down with Her, accompanied by forty- two heavenly attendants, each of whom bore a letter belonging to the Holy Name. They all descended with Jacob to Egypt, and hence it says “and these are the names of the children of Israel which came into Egypt… with Jacob”.’
R. Judah asked R. Eleazar, the son of R. Simeon: ‘As thou hast heard from thy father the mystical interpretation of this section of the Book of Exodus, tell me the significance of the words “a man and his household came with Jacob”.’ He replied: ‘My father said that it refers to the various grades of angels, all of them celestial, but of whom the higher are called “men”, and the lower “household” or “female”, in the sense that the former are active while the latter are passive and receptive.’
When R. Isaac was once studying with R. Eleazar, the son of R. Simeon, he asked him: ‘Did the Shekinah go down to Egypt with Jacob?’ Said R. Eleazar: ‘Surely! Did not God say to Jacob, “I will go down with thee into Egypt” (Gen. 46, 4)?’ Said R. Isaac: ‘See now, the Shekinah went down with Jacob into Egypt, but She also had with Her six hundred thousand holy Chariots (angelic beings), for it is written,” and the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about (lit. Iike) six hundred thousand on foot” (Ex. 12, 37). Now it does not say “six hundred”, but “like” six hundred, etc., which suggests that there was an equal number of celestial beings who went out with them.
The deeper meaning of the passage is as follows. When these holy Chariots and holy Hosts were about to leave Egypt, the children of Israel at once realized that it was for their sake that the celestial beings were detained, and therefore they hastened to get ready and leave as quickly as possible. Hence it says “they could not tarry” (Ex. 12, 39), not “they did not want to tarry”. From this we learn that the expression “children of Israel” in all these passages refers to the celestial hosts.
Moreover, it stands to reason that, as the Holy One promised Jacob that He would go down with him into Egypt, He would take His ministering angels with Him, for where the Master is there must His servants also be, and especially when we consider that even when Jacob was saved from Laban, “the angels of God met him” (Gen. 32, 2).1The first 3 lines of the Hebrew text do not appear in our translation.
R. Abba cited here the verse: “Come, behold the works of the Lord who hath made desolations in the earth” (Ps. 46, 8). ‘The term shammoth (desolations)’, he said, ‘can also be read shemoth (names). This corroborates what R. Hiya said, namely, that whatever is in heaven, the Holy One, blessed be He, has made a counterpart thereof on earth. Thus, as there are hallowed names in heaven, so there are hallowed names on earth.’
Said R. Jose: ‘When Jacob went down to Egypt, sixty myriads of celestial angels accompanied him.’ R. Judah illustrated from the verse: “Behold, it is the couch of Solomon, threescore mighty men are about it, of the mighty men of Israel” (S.S. 3, 7), which he expounded thus: ‘Six luminosities form a circle surrounding a seventh luminosity in the centre. The six on the circumference sustain the sixty valiant angels surrounding the “couch of Solomon”.’
The “couch” is an allusion to the Shekinah, and “Solomon” refers to the “King to whom peace (shalom) belongs”: “threescore mighty men are about it”-these are the sixty myriads of exalted angels, part of the army of the Shekinah which accompanied Jacob into Egypt.’
R. Hiya was once travelling from Usha to Lud, mounted on an ass, and R. Jose accompanied him on foot. R. Hiya dismounted, took R. Jose by the hand, and said: ‘If men only knew what great honour was shown to Jacob when the Holy One said to him, “I will go down with thee to Egypt”, they would lick the dust for three parasangs distance from his grave! For it has been said by the great Rabbis of old in connection with the verse, “And Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and did obeisance” (Ex. 18, 7), that when Aaron saw Moses go, he also went, and so did Eleazar, and the princes, and the elders, and, in fact, all Israel went out to meet Jethro. For who could see Moses or the great ones go and not go himself? Thus because Moses went, all went. Now if Moses produced such an effect, how much more must God have done so when He said to Jacob “I will go down with thee to Egypt”?’
As they were going along, R. Abba met them. Said R. Jose: ‘Behold, the Shekinah is in our midst, as we have a great master of doctrine with us.’ Said R. Abba: ‘What were you discussing?’ R. Jose replied: ‘We were deducing that the angels went down with Israel to Egypt from the two verses “I will come down with thee into Egypt” and “These are the names, etc.”.’
Said R. Abba: ‘I will give you a third. It says, “The word of the Lord came expressly unto Ezekiel… in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar” (Ezek. 1, 3). Ezekiel, it is said, could not have been as faithful as Moses, of whom it is written, “He is faithful in all my house”, for he revealed all the treasures of the King. But we have been instructed to beware of such thoughts about this prophet;
on the contrary, he was a worthy prophet, and what he revealed he revealed with the permission of the Holy One, and he might have disclosed twice as much, because of the sad condition in which Israel found herself in Babylon, as has been explained already, and he had to prove to them that the Holy One would never leave His people in captivity without His Presence. Thus it goes without saying that when Jacob went down to Egypt, the Holy One, and His Shekinah, and all the holy heavenly beings, and all the Chariots, went down with him.
R. Judah said: ‘If men only knew the love which God bears for Israel, they would roar like a lion till they could follow her! For when Jacob went down to Egypt, the Holy One called together all His celestial Family and said: “AII of you must go down to Egypt, and I shall come with you! ” Said the Shekinah: “Can hosts remain without a king?” Said He to Her: “Come with me from Lebanon, bride! With me from Lebanon!”
“Look from the top of Amana, from the top of Senir and Hermon, from the lions’ dens, from the mountains of the leopards” (S.S. 4, 8), i.e. “Come with Me from the Sanctuary above! Look from the tops of those who are the heads of the “Sons of Faith” (amanah=emunah)! Behold, they are about to receive from the mountain Hermon My Torah, which will be their shield in exile! Come from the lions’ dens, the mountains of the leopards-the heathen nations who torment them with all manner of oppression”.’
R. Isaac applied the words, “Look from the top of Amana” to the Sanctuary above and to the Sanctuary below, according to the dictum of R. Judah, that the Shekinah never departed from the Western wall of the Temple. R. Judah applied the words, “From the lions’ dens, etc.”, to students of the Torah in the dens, i.e. in the synagogues and houses of study.
אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, כַּד נַחְתַּת שְׁכִינְתָּא לְמִצְרַיִם, נַחְתַּת חַיָּה חֲדָא, דִּשְׁמָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, בְּדִיּוּקְנָא דְּהַהוּא סָבָא, וְאַרְבְּעִין וּתְרֵין שַׁמָּשִׁין קַדִּישִׁין עִמֵּיהּ, וְכָל חַד וְחַד אָת קַדִּישָׁא עִמֵּיהּ, מִשְּׁמָא קַדִּישָׁא, וְכֻלְּהוּ נַחְתָּן עִם יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם, הֲדָא הוּא דִּכְתִּיב, וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה אֵת יַעֲקֹב. אָמַר רִבִּי יִצְחָק, מִמַּשְׁמַע דְּקָאָמַר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אֵת יַעֲקֹב, וְלא נְאֱמַר אִתּוֹ.
Said R. Simeon: ‘When the Shekinah went down to Egypt, a celestial “living being” (Hayah, cf. Ezek. 1, 5), called “Israel”, in form like the patriarch Jacob, went down with Her, accompanied by forty- two heavenly attendants, each of whom bore a letter belonging to the Holy Name. They all descended with Jacob to Egypt, and hence it says “and these are the names of the children of Israel which came into Egypt… with Jacob”.’
שָׁאַל רִבִּי יְהוּדָה לְרִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, (אמר ליה) כֵּיוָן דְּשַׁמְעַת מֵאָבוּךְ, פָּרָשַׁת וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּרָזָא עִלָּאָה, מַאי קָאָמַר אִישׁ וּבֵיתוֹ בָּאוּ. אָמַר לֵיהּ, הַהוּא מִלָּה דְּהֲוָה אָמַר אַבָּא, אִינּוּן הָווּ מַלְאָכִין עִלָּאִין, דְּאִינּוּן לְעֵילָּא עַל תַּתָּאֵי מִנְהוֹן, הַיְינוּ דִּכְתִּיב אִישׁ וּבֵיתוֹ בָּאוּ, וְהָכִי אָמַר אַבָּא, כָּל אִינּוּן מַלְאָכִין דִּבְדַרְגָּא עִלָּאָה, אִקְרוּן גּוּבְרִין דּוּכְרִין, וְאִינּוּן דִּבְדַרְגָּא תַּתָּאָה מִנְהוֹן, אִתְקְרוּן (נוקבתא) בַּיִת, דְּאִתְּתָא נוּקְבָּא דִּמְקַבְּלָא מִן דְּכוּרָא.
R. Judah asked R. Eleazar, the son of R. Simeon: ‘As thou hast heard from thy father the mystical interpretation of this section of the Book of Exodus, tell me the significance of the words “a man and his household came with Jacob”.’ He replied: ‘My father said that it refers to the various grades of angels, all of them celestial, but of whom the higher are called “men”, and the lower “household” or “female”, in the sense that the former are active while the latter are passive and receptive.’
רִבִּי יִצְחָק הֲוָה קָאִים קָמֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, אָמַר לֵיהּ שְׁכִינְתָּא נַחְתַּת לְמִצְרַיִם עִם יַעֲקֹב. אֲמַר לֵיהּ וְלָא, וְהָא כְּתִּיב (בראשית מ״ו:ד׳) אָנֹכִי אֵרֵד עִמְּךָ. אָמַר לֵיהּ תָּא חֲזֵי, שְׁכִינְתָּא נַחְתַּת לְמִצְרַיִם אֵת יַעֲקֹב וְשִׁית מְאָה אַלְפִין רְתִיכִין קַדִּישִׁין (אחרנין) עִמָּהּ, וְהַיְינוּ דִּכְתִּיב כְּשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף רַגְלִי, תָּנֵינָן שִׁית מֵאָה אַלְפִין רְתִיכִין קַדִּישִׁין נַחְתּוּ עִם יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם, וְכֻלְּהוּ סְלִיקוּ מִתַּמָּן, כַּד נָפְקוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרַיִם. הֲדָא הוּא דִּכְתִּיב, (שמות י״ב:ל״ז) וַיִּסְעוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵרַעְמְסֵס סֻכּוֹתָה כְּשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף רַגְלִי וְגוֹ'. שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת לא נֶאֱמַר, אֶלָּא כְּשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת, כְּגַוְונָא דְּנָפְקוּ אִלֵּין, כַּךְ נָפְקוּ אִלֵּין.
When R. Isaac was once studying with R. Eleazar, the son of R. Simeon, he asked him: ‘Did the Shekinah go down to Egypt with Jacob?’ Said R. Eleazar: ‘Surely! Did not God say to Jacob, “I will go down with thee into Egypt” (Gen. 46, 4)?’ Said R. Isaac: ‘See now, the Shekinah went down with Jacob into Egypt, but She also had with Her six hundred thousand holy Chariots (angelic beings), for it is written,” and the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about (lit. Iike) six hundred thousand on foot” (Ex. 12, 37). Now it does not say “six hundred”, but “like” six hundred, etc., which suggests that there was an equal number of celestial beings who went out with them.
וְתָא חֲזֵי רָזָא דְּמִלָּה, בְּעִדָנָא דְּנָפְקוּ אִלֵּין רְתִיכִין קַדִּישִׁין, מַשִּׁירְיָיתָא קַדִּישָׁתָא, חָמוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיָדְעוּ, דַּהֲווּ מִתְעַכְּבִין בְּגִינֵיהוֹן, וְכֻלְּהוּ בְּהִילוּ דְּעָבְדוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, בְּגִינֵיהוֹן הֲוָה, וְהַיְינוּ דִּכְתִּיב, (שמות י״ב:ל״ט) וְלֹא יָכְלוּ לְהִתְמַהְמֵהַּ, הֲוָה לֵיהּ לְמֵימַר וְלָא רָצוּ לְהִתְמַהְמֵהַּ אֲבָל לָא כְּתִּיב אֶלָּא וְלֹא יָכְלוּ. וְאִתְיְידַעוּ (ס"י ואיתנדע) מַמָּשׁ, דְּכֻלְּהוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, הֲווּ בְּנִי יִשְׂרָאֵל דִּרְקִיעָא, וְהַיְינוּ דִּכְתִּיב, בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה אֵת יַעֲקֹב, וְעַל דָּא לָא נֶאֱמַר וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה אִתּוֹ, אֶלָּא וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה אֵת יַעֲקֹב, הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה בְּקַדְמִיתָא וְעִם מִי, אֵת יַעֲקֹב.
The deeper meaning of the passage is as follows. When these holy Chariots and holy Hosts were about to leave Egypt, the children of Israel at once realized that it was for their sake that the celestial beings were detained, and therefore they hastened to get ready and leave as quickly as possible. Hence it says “they could not tarry” (Ex. 12, 39), not “they did not want to tarry”. From this we learn that the expression “children of Israel” in all these passages refers to the celestial hosts.
אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוּדָה, (נ"א רבי יצחק נ"א רבי יוסי) קַל וָחוֹמֶר, וּמַה כַּד אִשְׁתְּזִיב יַעֲקֹב מִלָּבָן, כְּתִּיב, (בראשית ל״ב:ב׳) וְיַעֲקֹב הָלַךְ לְדַרְכּוֹ וַיִּפְגְעוּ בוֹ מַלְאֲכֵי אֱלהִים. כַּד נָחַת בְּגָלוּתָא, וְקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא אָמַר, אָנֹכִי אֵרֵד עִמְּךָ מִצְרָיְמָה, לָאו דִּינָא, הוֹאִיל וּפַטְרוֹנָא נַחְתָא דְּיְיִחְתוּן שַׁמָּשׁוֹי עִמֵּיהּ, הַיְינוּ דִּכְתִּיב הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה אֵת יַעֲקֹב. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב דִּכְפַר חָנָן אָמַר מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְר' אַבָּא, מַאן אִינּוּן בְּנִי יִשְׂרָאֵל דְּהָכָא. אִינּוּן דְּאִתְקְרוּן בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מַמָּשׁ.
Moreover, it stands to reason that, as the Holy One promised Jacob that He would go down with him into Egypt, He would take His ministering angels with Him, for where the Master is there must His servants also be, and especially when we consider that even when Jacob was saved from Laban, “the angels of God met him” (Gen. 32, 2).1The first 3 lines of the Hebrew text do not appear in our translation.
ר' אַבָּא פָּתַח וְאָמַר, (בראשית נ"ח ב') (תהילים מ״ו:ט׳) לְכוּ חֲזוּ מִפְעֲלוֹת יְיָ' אֲשֶׁר שָׂם שַׁמוֹת בָּאָרֶץ. אַל תִּקְרֵי שַׁמּוֹת. אֶלָּא שֵׁמוֹת. וְאַזְלָא הָא כְּהָא דְּאָמַר ר' חִיָּיא, כְּגַוְונָא דִּרְקִיעָא, עָבַד קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא בְּאַרְעָא בִּרְקִיעַ אִית שְׁמָהָן קַדִּישִׁין, בְּאַרְעָא אִית שְׁמָהָן קַדִּישִׁין.
R. Abba cited here the verse: “Come, behold the works of the Lord who hath made desolations in the earth” (Ps. 46, 8). ‘The term shammoth (desolations)’, he said, ‘can also be read shemoth (names). This corroborates what R. Hiya said, namely, that whatever is in heaven, the Holy One, blessed be He, has made a counterpart thereof on earth. Thus, as there are hallowed names in heaven, so there are hallowed names on earth.’
אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוּדָה (נ"א רבי יוסי) בְּהַהוּא יוֹמָא דְּנָחַת יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם, נָחְתוּ עִמֵּיהּ שִׁתִּין רִבּוֹא דְּמַלְאֲכֵי עִלָּאֵי. ר' יְהוּדָה פָּתַח, (שיר השירים ג׳:ז׳) הִנֵּה מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה שִׁשִּׁים גִּבּוֹרִים סָבִיב וְגוֹ' קוּזְמִיטִין דִּגְלִיפִין בְּקַנְדִיטָא (ס"א בקלדיטא), סָחֲרָן בְּדוּכְתֵּיהּ קוּזְמִיטִין בִּשְׁבִיעָאָה, גְּלִיפִין בִּשְׁתִיתָאָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב, שִׁשִּׁים גִּבּוֹרִים סָבִיב לָהּ.
Said R. Jose: ‘When Jacob went down to Egypt, sixty myriads of celestial angels accompanied him.’ R. Judah illustrated from the verse: “Behold, it is the couch of Solomon, threescore mighty men are about it, of the mighty men of Israel” (S.S. 3, 7), which he expounded thus: ‘Six luminosities form a circle surrounding a seventh luminosity in the centre. The six on the circumference sustain the sixty valiant angels surrounding the “couch of Solomon”.’
הִנֵּה מִטָּתוֹ: דָּא אִיהִי (בראשית רכ"ה) שְׁכִינְתָּא. שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה: מַלְכָּא דִּשְׁלָמָא דִּילֵיהּ. שִׁשִּׁים גִּבּוֹרִים סָבִיב לָהּ: אִלֵּין אִינּוּן שִׁתִּין רִבּוֹא דְּמַלְאֲכֵי עִלָּאֵי, דְּאִינּוּן מֵחֵילָא דִּשְׁכִינְתָּא, דְּנַחְתָּת עִם יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם. מִגִּבּוֹרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל: יִשְׂרָאֵל דִּלְעֵילָּא, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנִי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגוֹ', אִישׁ וּבֵיתוֹ בָּאוּ: אִינּוּן וְנִימוּסֵיהוֹן.
The “couch” is an allusion to the Shekinah, and “Solomon” refers to the “King to whom peace (shalom) belongs”: “threescore mighty men are about it”-these are the sixty myriads of exalted angels, part of the army of the Shekinah which accompanied Jacob into Egypt.’
ר' חִיָּיא הֲוָה אָזִיל מֵאוּשָׁא לְלוּד, וַהֲוָה רָכִיב עַל חֲמָרָא, וַהֲוָה ר' יוֹסֵי עִמֵּיהּ, נָחִית ר' חִיָּיא, וְשַׁקְלֵיהּ בִּידוֹי לְר' יוֹסֵי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ, אִי בְּנִי עָלְמָא יַדְעִין יְקָרָא סַגִּיאָה דְּיַעֲקֹב, בְּשַׁעְתָּא דְּאֲמַר לֵיהּ קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא, אָנֹכִי אֵרֵד עִמְּךָ מִצְרָיְמָה, הָווּ מְלַחֲכֵי עַפְרָא, תְּלַת פַּרְסֵי קָרִיב לְקִבְרֵיהּ, דְּהָכִי מְפַרְשֵׁי מָרָנָא רַבְרְבֵי עָלְמָא, מָארֵיהוֹן דְּמַתְנִיתָא, כְּתִיב (שמות י״ח:ז׳) וַיֵּצֵא מֹשֶׁה לִקְרַאת חוֹתְנוֹ, אַהֲרֹן חָמָא לְמֹשֶׁה דְּנָפַק, וְנָפַק עִמֵּיהּ, וְאֶלְעָזָר וּנְשִׂיאֵי וְסָבֵי נַפְקוּ עִמֵּיהּ, רָאשֵׁי אֲבָהָן, וּמְעַרְעֵי כְּנִשְׁתָּא, וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל נַפְקוּ עִמְּהוֹן, אִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ דְּכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלְּהוּ, נָפְקוּ לְקָבְלֵיהּ דְּיִתְרוֹ, מַאן חָמָא לְמֹשֶׁה דְּנָפִיק וְלָא יִפּוּק, לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְרַבְרְבֵי דְּנַפְקֵי, וְלָא יִפּוּק. אִשְׁתְּכַח, דִּבְגִין מֹשֶׁה נָפְקוּ כּוּלְהוֹן. וּמָה, אִי בְּגִין מֹשֶׁה כַּךְ, בְּגִין קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא, כַּד אָמַר אָנֹכִי אֵרֵד עִמְּךָ מִצְרַיְמָה, עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה.
R. Hiya was once travelling from Usha to Lud, mounted on an ass, and R. Jose accompanied him on foot. R. Hiya dismounted, took R. Jose by the hand, and said: ‘If men only knew what great honour was shown to Jacob when the Holy One said to him, “I will go down with thee to Egypt”, they would lick the dust for three parasangs distance from his grave! For it has been said by the great Rabbis of old in connection with the verse, “And Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and did obeisance” (Ex. 18, 7), that when Aaron saw Moses go, he also went, and so did Eleazar, and the princes, and the elders, and, in fact, all Israel went out to meet Jethro. For who could see Moses or the great ones go and not go himself? Thus because Moses went, all went. Now if Moses produced such an effect, how much more must God have done so when He said to Jacob “I will go down with thee to Egypt”?’
עַד דַּהֲווּ אַזְלֵי, פָּגַע בְּהוּ ר' אַבָּא. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי, הָא שְׁכִינְתָּא הָכָא, דְּחָד מִמָארֵיהוֹן דְּמַתְנִיתִין עִמָּנָא. אָמַר ר' אַבָּא, בְּמָאי עַסְקִיתּוּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי, בְּהַאי קְרָא, דִּכְתִּיב אָנֹכִי אֵרֵד עִמְּךָ מִצְרַיְמָה וְגוֹ'. כַּד נָחַת יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם, דִּכְתִּיב, וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה, אַתְּ אוֹלִיף, דְּכֻלְּהוּ נָחְתוּ עִם יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם.
As they were going along, R. Abba met them. Said R. Jose: ‘Behold, the Shekinah is in our midst, as we have a great master of doctrine with us.’ Said R. Abba: ‘What were you discussing?’ R. Jose replied: ‘We were deducing that the angels went down with Israel to Egypt from the two verses “I will come down with thee into Egypt” and “These are the names, etc.”.’
אֲמַר לֵיהּ ר' אַבָּא, וְדָא לְחוּד הֲוַת. פָּתַח וְאָמַר (יחזקאל א׳:ג׳) הָיֹה הָיָה דְּבַר יְיָ' אֶל יְחֶזְקֵאל בֶּן בּוּזִי הַכֹּהֵן בְּאֶרֶץ כַּשְׂדִּים עַל נְהַר כְּבָר. תְּלַת פְּלוּגְתָן הָכָא. חֲדָא, דְּתָנֵינָן, אֵין שְׁכִינָה שׁוֹרָה בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ. וַחֲדָא, דְּלָא הֲוָה מְהֵימָן כְּמֹּשֶׁה, דִּכְתִּיב בֵּיהּ, (במדבר י״ב:ז׳) בְּכָל בֵּיתִי נֶאֱמָן הוּא, וְהוּא, גַּלֵּי וּפַרְסֵם כָּל גִּנְזַיָּיא דְּמַלְכָּא. וַחֲדָא, דְּאִתְחָזֵי כְּמַאן דְּלָא שְׁלִים בְּדַעְתֵּיהּ.
Said R. Abba: ‘I will give you a third. It says, “The word of the Lord came expressly unto Ezekiel… in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar” (Ezek. 1, 3). Ezekiel, it is said, could not have been as faithful as Moses, of whom it is written, “He is faithful in all my house”, for he revealed all the treasures of the King. But we have been instructed to beware of such thoughts about this prophet;
אֶלָּא הָכִי אַסִיקְנָא בְּמַתְנִיתָא דִּילָן, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם דְּהָא יְחֶזְקֵאל נְבִיאָה שְׁלֵימָא הֲוָה, וּבִרְשׁוּתָא דְקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא גַּלֵּי כָּל מַה דְּגַלֵּי. וְכֻלְּהוּ אִצְטְרִיךְ דִּיגַלֵּי וִיפַרְסֵם, עַל חַד תְּרֵין מִמַּה דְּגַלֵּי, דְּהָכִי תְּנַן, מַאן דְּרָגִיל לְמִסְבַּל צַעֲרָא וכו'. (עיין לעיל ד' א' ב' שורה ד' עד מה דגלי) וְכֹלָּא אִצְטְרִיךְ, וּמֵעָלְמִין לָא שָׁבִיק קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּגָלוּתָא, עַד דְּהֲוָה אָתֵי לְמֵידַר דִּיוֹרֵיהּ עִמְּהוֹן, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן בְּיַעֲקֹב, דְּהֲוָה נָחִית בְּגָלוּתָא, וְקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא וּשְׁכִינְתֵּיהּ, וְקַדִּישִׁין עִלָּאִין, (ותתאין) וּרְתִיכִין, דְּנָחְתוּ כֻּלְּהוּ עִם יַעֲקֹב, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה אֵת יַעֲקֹב.
on the contrary, he was a worthy prophet, and what he revealed he revealed with the permission of the Holy One, and he might have disclosed twice as much, because of the sad condition in which Israel found herself in Babylon, as has been explained already, and he had to prove to them that the Holy One would never leave His people in captivity without His Presence. Thus it goes without saying that when Jacob went down to Egypt, the Holy One, and His Shekinah, and all the holy heavenly beings, and all the Chariots, went down with him.
דָבָר אַחֵר ר' אַבָּא פָּתַח וְאָמַר, (שיר השירים ד׳:ח׳) אִתִּי מִלְּבָנוֹן כַּלָּה אִתִּי מִלְּבָנוֹן תָּבוֹאִי. תָּא חֲזֵי, וַוי לוֹן בְּנֵי נָשָׁא דְּלָא יַדְעִין, וְלָא מַשְׁגִּיחִין בְּפוּלְחָנָא דְּמָארֵיהוֹן, דְּתַנְיָא אָמַר רִבִּי יִצְחָק, בְּכָל יוֹמָא וְיוֹמָא בַּת קוֹל נַפְקַת מִטּוּרָא דְּחוֹרֵב, וְאָמַר, וַוי לוֹן לִבְנֵי נָשָׁא מִפּוּלְחָנָא דְּמָארֵיהוֹן, וַוי לוֹן לִבְנֵי נָשָׁא מֵעֶלְבּוֹנָהּ דְּאוֹרַיְיתָא. דְּאָמַר ר' יְהוּדָה, כָּל מַאן דְּאִשְׁתַּדַּל בְּאוֹרַיְיתָא בְּהַאי עָלְמָא, וּמְסַגֵּל עוֹבָדִין טָבִין יָרִית עָלְמָא שְׁלֵימָא. וְכָל מַאן דְּלָא אִשְׁתַּדַּל בְּאוֹרַיְיתָא בְּהַאי עָלְמָא, וְלָא עָבִיד עוֹבָדִין טָבִין, לָא יָרִית לָא הַאי וְלָא הַאי. וְהָא תְּנַן, אִית מַאן דְּיָרִית עַלְמֵיהּ כְּפוּם אַתְרֵיהּ, וּכְפוּם מַה דְּחָזֵי לֵיהּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יִצְחָק, לָא תְּנַן, אֶלָּא מַאן דְּלֵית לֵיהּ עוֹבָדִין טָבִין כְּלָל.
אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוּדָה, אִלְמָלֵי הֲווֹ יַדְעִין בְּנִי נָשָׁא, רְחִימוּתָא דְּרָחִים קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, הֲווֹ שָׁאֲגִין כִּכְפִירַיָּא לְמִרְדַּף אֲבַתְרֵיהּ. דְּתַנְיָא, בְּשַׁעֲתָא דְּנָחַת יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם, קָרָא קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא לְפָּמַלְיָא דִּילֵיהּ אָמַר לְהוֹן, כֻּלְּכוֹן חוּתוּ לְמִצְרַיִם, וַאֲנָא אֵיחוּת עִמְּכוֹן. אָמְרָה שְׁכִינְתָּא רִבּוֹנָא דְּעָלְמָא, אִית צְבָאוֹת בְּלֹא מַלְכָּא, אָמַר לָהּ, אִתִּי מִלְּבָנוֹן כַּלָּה, מִלְּבָנוֹן: מֵאַתְרָא דְּעֵדֶן, דִּמְלוּבָּן בְּכָל עוֹבָדוֹי. כַּלָּה: דָּא שְׁכִינְתָּא, דְּהִיא כַּלָּה בְּחוּפָּה. וְאַזְלָא הָא כְּהָא דְּתַנְיָא אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוּדָה, מַאי דִּכְתִּיב, (במדבר ז׳:א׳) וַיְהִי בְּיוֹם כַּלֹּת מֹשֶׁה, כַּלַּת כְּתִיב, בְּיוֹמָא דְּעָאלָת כַּלָּה לַחוּפָּה, וּשְׁכִינְתָּא דָּא הִיא כַּלָּה.
R. Judah said: ‘If men only knew the love which God bears for Israel, they would roar like a lion till they could follow her! For when Jacob went down to Egypt, the Holy One called together all His celestial Family and said: “AII of you must go down to Egypt, and I shall come with you! ” Said the Shekinah: “Can hosts remain without a king?” Said He to Her: “Come with me from Lebanon, bride! With me from Lebanon!”
אִתִּי מִלְּבָנוֹן תָּבוֹאִי, מֵאֲתָר בֵּי מַקְדְּשָׁא דִּלְעֵילָּא. תָּשוּרִי מֵרֹאשׁ אֲמָנָה, מֵרֵישָׁא דְּמַאן. מֵרָאשֵׁיהוֹן דִּבְנִי מְהֵימָנוּתָא. וּמַאן נִינְהוּ. יַעֲקֹב וּבְנוֹי. מֵרֹאשׁ שְׂנִיר וְחֶרְמוֹן, דְּאִינּוּן עֲתִידִין לְקַבְּלָא אוֹרַיְיתָא דִּילִי, מִטּוּרָא דְּחֶרְמוֹן, וּלְאַגָּנָא עָלַיְיהוּ בְּגָלְוּתְהוֹן. מִמְּעוֹנוֹת אֲרָיוֹת: אִלֵּין אִינּוּן עַמִּין עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת, (נ"א בני נשא דמהימנותא) דְּדַמְיָין לְאַרְיָוָותָא וּנְמֵרִין, דִּמְעַנִּין לְהוֹן בְּכָל פּוּלְחָנָא דְּקַשְׁיוּ.
“Look from the top of Amana, from the top of Senir and Hermon, from the lions’ dens, from the mountains of the leopards” (S.S. 4, 8), i.e. “Come with Me from the Sanctuary above! Look from the tops of those who are the heads of the “Sons of Faith” (amanah=emunah)! Behold, they are about to receive from the mountain Hermon My Torah, which will be their shield in exile! Come from the lions’ dens, the mountains of the leopards-the heathen nations who torment them with all manner of oppression”.’
ר' אַבָּא אָמַר, אִתִּי מִלְּבָנוֹן כַּלָּה וְגוֹ'. וְכִי מִלְּבָנוֹן אָתַת, וַהֲלֹא לַלְּבָנוֹן עוֹלָה. אֶלָּא אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּא, בְּשַׁעֲתָא דְּנַחְתַת שְׁכִינְתָּא לְמִצְרַיִם, נַחְתּוּ בַּהֲדָהּ שִׁתִּין רִבּוֹא שֶׁל מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָׁרֵת, וְקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא בְּקַדְמִיתָא הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב, (מיכה ב׳:י״ג) וַיַּעֲבוֹר מַלְכָּם לִפְנֵיהֶם וה' בְּרֹאשָׁם.
ר' יִצְחָק אָמַר, אִתִּי מִלְּבָנוֹן כַּלָּה, דָּא אִיהִי שְׁכִינְתָּא. אִתִּי מִלְּבָנוֹן תָּבֹאִי, מֵאֲתָר בֵּי מַקְדְּשָׁא דִּלְעֵילָּא. תָּשוּרִי מֵרֹאשׁ אֲמָנָה, מֵאֲתָר בֵּי מַקְדְּשָׁא דִּלְעֵילָּא, וּמֵאֲתָר בֵּי מַקְדְּשָׁא דִּלְתַתָּא דְּאָמַר ר' יְהוּדָה, מֵעוֹלָם לא זָזָה שְׁכִינְתָּא מִכּוֹתְלֵי דְּמָעַרְבָא, דְּבֵי מַקְדְּשָׁא, דִּכְתִּיב, (שיר השירים ב׳:ט׳) הִנֵּה זֶה עוֹמֵד אַחַר כָּתְלֵנוּ. וְהוּא רֹאשׁ אֲמָנָה לְכָל עָלְמָא. מֵרֹאשׁ שְׂנִיר וְחֶרְמוֹן מֵאַתְרָא דְּאוֹרַיְיתָא נַפְקַת לְעָלְמָא, וְלָמָּה. לְאַגָּנָא עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, מִמְּעוֹנוֹת אֲרָיוֹת: אִלֵּין עַמִּין עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת. ר' יוּדָן אוֹמֵר, מִמְּעוֹנוֹת אֲרָיוֹת: אִלֵּין אִינּוּן תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים, דְּעַסְקֵי בְּאוֹרַיְיתָא בִּמְעוֹנוֹת הַמִּדְרָשׁוֹת, וּבְבָתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת, דְּאִינּוּן אַרְיָוָן וּנְמֵרִים בְּאוֹרַיְיתָא.
R. Isaac applied the words, “Look from the top of Amana” to the Sanctuary above and to the Sanctuary below, according to the dictum of R. Judah, that the Shekinah never departed from the Western wall of the Temple. R. Judah applied the words, “From the lions’ dens, etc.”, to students of the Torah in the dens, i.e. in the synagogues and houses of study.