To not make [incense] according to the specification of the incense: To not make incense identical to the [Temple] incense, meaning to say that its composition be the same weight measurements and he have the intention to provide incense for himself, as it is stated (Exodus 30:37), “and you shall not make for yourselves according to its specification.” And it is stated (Exodus 30:38), “A man that makes any like it, to smell of it” — meaning to say that when he is making it, he intends to provide incense for himself.
The laws of the commandment — that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Keritot 5a) that one who makes it to practice or to sell it to the public is exempted; [that] one who makes even a little of it, anytime he does that little according to the proportions of the incense, is liable; that which they said (Keritot 6a) that the incense was made at the time of the Temple each and every year; that if he reduced one spice from it, he would be liable for the death penalty; and the rest of its details — are elucidated in the first chapter of Keritot. (See Mishneh Torah, Laws of Vessels of the Sanctuary and Those Who Serve Therein 2.)
And this commandment of the prohibition of making it is practiced in every place and at all times by males and females. And one who transgresses it volitionally and made of it according to its proportions, [in order] to smell from it, is liable for excision; [and, if] accidentally, a fixed sacrifice. But one who only smells from it and did not make it, is not liable for excision; but rather his ruling is like the ruling for anyone who has benefit (enjoys) from the consecrated.
שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּמַתְכֹּנֶת הַקְּטֹרֶת – שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת קְטֹרֶת כִּדְמוּת קְטֹרֶת, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁתִּהְיֶה הַרְכָּבָתוֹ עַל עִנְיַן אוֹתָם הַמִּשְׁקָלִים וִיכַוֵּן לְהַקְטִיר לְעַצְמוֹ בָּהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות ל לז) בְּמַתְכֻּנְתָּהּ לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ לָכֶם. וְנֶאֱמַר עָלֶיהָ (שם לח) אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה כָמוֹהָ לְהָרִיחַ בָּהּ. כְּלוֹמַר, שֶׁיִּתְכַּוֵּן בַּעֲשִׂיָּתָהּ לְהַקְטִיר עַצְמוֹ.
To not make [incense] according to the specification of the incense: To not make incense identical to the [Temple] incense, meaning to say that its composition be the same weight measurements and he have the intention to provide incense for himself, as it is stated (Exodus 30:37), “and you shall not make for yourselves according to its specification.” And it is stated (Exodus 30:38), “A man that makes any like it, to smell of it” — meaning to say that when he is making it, he intends to provide incense for himself.
מִשָּׁרְשֵׁי הַמִּצְוָה. מָה שֶׁכָּתוּב (במצוה קח) בְּאִסּוּר מְשִׁיחַת הַשֶּׁמֶן.
From the roots of the commandment are what is written in the prohibition of anointing the oil (Sefer HaChinukh 108).
מִדִּינֵי הַמִּצְוָה, מָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (כריתות ה א) שֶׁהָעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ לְהִתְלַמֵּד אוֹ לְמָכְרָהּ לַצִּבּוּר פָּטוּר, וְהָעוֹשֶׂה אֲפִלּוּ קְצָת מִמֶּנָּה כָּל זְמַן שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה אוֹתוֹ קְצָת לְפִי מִשְׁקֹלֶת הַקְּטֹרֶת שֶׁחַיָּב. וּמָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ (שם ו א) שֶׁהַקְּטֹרֶת הָיְתָה נַעֲשֵׂית בִּזְמַן הַבַּיִת בְּכָל שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה, וְאִם חִסֵּר הָעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ אַחַת מִסַּמְמָנֶיהָ חַיָּב מִיתָה. וְיֶתֶר פְּרָטֶיהָ, מְבֹאָרִים בְּפֶרֶק רִאשׁוֹן מִכְּרִיתוֹת [ה' כלי המקדש פ"ב]
The laws of the commandment — that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Keritot 5a) that one who makes it to practice or to sell it to the public is exempted; [that] one who makes even a little of it, anytime he does that little according to the proportions of the incense, is liable; that which they said (Keritot 6a) that the incense was made at the time of the Temple each and every year; that if he reduced one spice from it, he would be liable for the death penalty; and the rest of its details — are elucidated in the first chapter of Keritot. (See Mishneh Torah, Laws of Vessels of the Sanctuary and Those Who Serve Therein 2.)
וְנוֹהֶגֶת מִצְוָה זוֹ שֶׁל אִסּוּר עֲשִׂיָּתָהּ בְּכָל מָקוֹם וּבְכָל זְמַן בִּזְכָרִים וּנְקֵבוֹת. וְהָעוֹבֵר עָלֶיהָ וְעָשָׂה מִמֶּנָּה לְפִי מִשְׁקָלָהּ לְהָרִיחַ בָּהּ בְּמֵזִיד חַיָּב כָּרֵת, בְּשׁוֹגֵג חַיָּב חַטָּאת קְבוּעָה. אֲבָל הַמֵּרִיחַ בָּהּ לְבַד וְלֹא עֲשָׂאָהּ, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב כָּרֵת אֶלָּא דִּינוֹ כְּדִין כָּל הַנֶּהֱנֶה מִן הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ.
And this commandment of the prohibition of making it is practiced in every place and at all times by males and females. And one who transgresses it volitionally and made of it according to its proportions, [in order] to smell from it, is liable for excision; [and, if] accidentally, a fixed sacrifice. But one who only smells from it and did not make it, is not liable for excision; but rather his ruling is like the ruling for anyone who has benefit (enjoys) from the consecrated.