If you intentionally placed a muktzeh object upon your vessel on Friday1According to some, this applies even where it is מְלַאכְתּוֹ לְאִיסוּד —i.e. muktzeh due to it being an object that is used for work prohibited on Shabbos. (This is the most lenient type of muktzeh since you may move it when you need it for a permitted use or for the space it occupies.) [Tehillah LeDavid 308: 1] Yeshuos Yaakov is inclined to permit בָּסִיס for מְלַאכתּוֹ לְאִיסוּרPeri Megadim (308) remains doubtful. and you intended that it be there2Or if it is the usual place for the muktzeh to be kept. [Mishnah Berurah 309: 18] Accordingly, money that was left in a purse would render the purse a בָּסִיס. However, Biur Halachah (266: 12) cites Derech Chaim that the purse is not a בָּסִיס . A possible explanation might be that he is referring to a purse which is normally emptied before Shabbos. [See Chazon Ish 49: 10; also Mishnah Berurah 310: 25.] at the onset of Shabbos,3See paragraph 5. This applies only if you intended it to remain there the entire twilight period. [Rabbi Akiva Eiger 310; Peri Megadim 279; Shulchan Aruch Harav 310: 7; Mishnah Berurah 309: 19] the vessel is considered a base for a prohibited object [muktzeh]. Even if the muktzeh object was removed on Shabbos; nevertheless, since it lay there at twilight, and the vessel then became a base for a prohibited object, it is forbidden to be handled afterwards for the rest of the Shabbos day4Something that was muktzeh at twilight remains muktzeh the rest of Shabbos, even if the cause of the muktzeh was removed. even if you need the object itself or the space it occupies.5A בָּסִיס attains the same degree of muktzeh as the muktzeh object which created the בָּסִיס.
If at the onset of Shabbos, a permitted object was lying there too, making the vessel a base for both a prohibited object and a permitted object, if the permitted object is more important to you, you may handle it [i.e. the base vessel]. But, if the prohibited object is more important6Or equally important. [Mishnah Berurah 310: 33] to you, you are forbidden to handle it. It is, therefore, best to place the challos7Or silverware and dishes (Peri Megadim 279) since they are more important than the flames of the candles. However, Aruch Hashulchan (279: 1) requires that the permitted items be more important than even the candlesticks. on the table before twilight, so that the tablecloth and the table become a base for [both] the candles and the challos, and it will be permissible to handle them.8For the purpose of using the table or the space occupied by the table and provided you cannot first easily shake the muktzeh off the table. [See Mishnah Berurah 310: 34; 277: 18] According to most opinions the table may be moved even if the challah is no longer there. [Shulchan Aruch Harav 277: 6; Mishnah Berurah 377: 18] Some, however, permit this only where a loss may be involved. [Minchas Shabbos] If you did not do this, then the tablecloth and the table become a base solely for a prohibited object and it is forbidden to handle them. However, having done so, if there is an important need, such as if a [burning] candle fell on the table and it must be shaken off, you may rely on the poskim who rule that the rule of base does not apply unless you intended that the muktzeh object remain there for the entire Shabbos day,9See Shulchan Aruch 309: 4 and Biur Halachah. and since it is customary to have the candlesticks removed in the morning by a non-Jew, it does not become a base.
If you had money in your pocket10See Chapter 88: 13. you may handle the garment, because the entire garment is not a base, only the pocket, and the pocket is subordinate to the garment.11It is preferable to first shake the money out. [Mishnah Berurah 310: 29. Also see ibid 310: 30.] However, you may not wear it even in the house, lest you inadvertently go out into the public domain.12Rema 310: 7. However, if a table drawer contains money, it is forbidden to move the table, because the drawer is a vessel unto itself13This is true only if the drawer can be completely removed from the table. Otherwise the drawer is considered only as a subordinate part of the table. [Mishnah Berurah 310: 31]14Provided the drawer is used exclusively for muktzeh items. If the drawer normally holds other objects, then only the drawer is a base for that Shabbos and the table may be moved. [Mishnah Berurah 310: 31] and not subordinate to the table.
Nothing becomes a base unless the muktzeh object is lying there at twilight. However, if it was not there at twilight, but was put there afterward, it does not become a base and the vessel may be handled even while the muktzeh object is on it.15Magein Avraham 308: 50. However, Taz and Yeshuos Yaakov rule that while the muktzeh is on the vessel it is a base until removed. It is, therefore, preferable to shake off the muktzeh if practical. You may, therefore, shake the table or tablecloth [to remove] bones and peels, provided the table and tablecloth have not become a base as a result of the candles, as was discussed above, paragraph 2.
[The vessel] does not become a base unless you intentionally placed [the muktzeh] to remain there at twilight.16See paragraph 2. But, if it was left there as a result of forgetfulness or if it fell there on its own, [the vessel] does not become a base.17If you placed it there without thought, Mishnah Berurah (309: 18) cites conflicting opinions.
It does not become a base unless the vessel belongs to you. But, if you placed a muktzeh object on a vessel belonging to someone else, it does not become a base, because you cannot cause someone else's object [to become forbidden] without his consent.18If your placing the muktzeh there is of benefit to the other person, the vessel becomes a base. [Magein Avraham 309: 8, see also Minchas Shabbos 89: 22.]
כְּלִי שֶׁלּוֹ שֶׁהִנִּיחַ עָלָיו בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת דָּבָר מֻקְצֶה בְּכַוָּנָה, וְהָיְתָה דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁיְהֵא מֻנָּח שָׁם בְּהַכְנָסַת שַׁבָּת, נַעֲשָׂה הַכְּלִי בָּסִיס לְדָבָר הָאָסוּר. וַאֲפִלּוּ נִטַּל מִשָּׁם הַמֻּקְצֶה בְּיוֹם הַשַׁבָּת, מִכָּל מָקוֹם כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָיָה מֻנָח שָׁם בֵּין הַשְׁמָשׁוֹת וְנַעֲשָׂה אָז הַכְּלִי בָּסִיס לַדָבָר הָאָסוּר, אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלוֹ גַּם אַחַר כָּךְ כָּל הַיּוֹם, אֲפִלּוּ לְצֹרֶךְ גּוּפוֹ וּלְצֹרֶךְ מְקוֹמוֹ.
If you intentionally placed a muktzeh object upon your vessel on Friday1According to some, this applies even where it is מְלַאכְתּוֹ לְאִיסוּד —i.e. muktzeh due to it being an object that is used for work prohibited on Shabbos. (This is the most lenient type of muktzeh since you may move it when you need it for a permitted use or for the space it occupies.) [Tehillah LeDavid 308: 1] Yeshuos Yaakov is inclined to permit בָּסִיס for מְלַאכתּוֹ לְאִיסוּר Peri Megadim (308) remains doubtful. and you intended that it be there2Or if it is the usual place for the muktzeh to be kept. [Mishnah Berurah 309: 18] Accordingly, money that was left in a purse would render the purse a בָּסִיס. However, Biur Halachah (266: 12) cites Derech Chaim that the purse is not a בָּסִיס . A possible explanation might be that he is referring to a purse which is normally emptied before Shabbos. [See Chazon Ish 49: 10; also Mishnah Berurah 310: 25.] at the onset of Shabbos,3See paragraph 5. This applies only if you intended it to remain there the entire twilight period. [Rabbi Akiva Eiger 310; Peri Megadim 279; Shulchan Aruch Harav 310: 7; Mishnah Berurah 309: 19] the vessel is considered a base for a prohibited object [muktzeh]. Even if the muktzeh object was removed on Shabbos; nevertheless, since it lay there at twilight, and the vessel then became a base for a prohibited object, it is forbidden to be handled afterwards for the rest of the Shabbos day4Something that was muktzeh at twilight remains muktzeh the rest of Shabbos, even if the cause of the muktzeh was removed. even if you need the object itself or the space it occupies.5A בָּסִיס attains the same degree of muktzeh as the muktzeh object which created the בָּסִיס.
הָיָה מֻנָּח שָׁם בְּהַכְנָסַת שַׁבָּת גַּם דְּבַר הֶתֵּר, וְנַעֲשָׂה הַכְּלִי בָּסִיס לַדָבָר הָאָסוּר וְלַדָבָר הַמֻּתָּר, אִם הַדָּבָר הֻמֻּתָּר יוֹתֵר חָשׁוּב לוֹ, מֻתָּר לְטַלְטְלוֹ. וְאִם הַדָּבָר הָאָסוּר יוֹתֵר חָשׁוּב לוֹ, אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלוֹ. וְלָכֵן טוֹב לְהַנִּיחַ אֶת הַחַלּוֹת עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן קוֹדֶם בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַמַּפָּה וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן בָּסִיס לַנֵּרוֹת וְלַחַלּוֹת, וְיִהְיוּ מֻתָּרִין בְּטִלְטוּל. וְאִם לֹא עֲשָׂאוֹ כֵּן, הֲרֵי נַעֲשׂוּ הַמַּפָּה וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן בָּסִיס לַדָבָר הָאָסוּר לְחוּד וַאֲסוּרִין בְּטִלְטוּל. וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם בְּדִיעֲבַד אִם יֵשׁ צֹרֶךְ גָדוֹל, כְּגוֹן, שֶׁנָּפַל נֵר עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן וּצְרִיכִין לְנַעֲרוֹ, יֵשׁ לִסְמֹךְ עַל הַפּוֹסְקִים דִּסְבִירָא לְהוּ, דְּלֹּא נַעֲשָׂה בָּסִיס, אֶלָּא אִם דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁתִּשָׁאֵר שָׁם הַמֻּקְצֶה כָּל יוֹם הַשַׁבָּת, וַהֲרֵי הַמִּנְהָג לְהָסִיר בְּשַׁחֲרִית אֶת הַמְּנוֹרוֹת עַל יְדֵי אֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי וְלֹא נַעֲשָׂה בָּסִיס (וּבְשֻלְחָן עָרוּךְ שֶׁל הַתַּנְיָא כָּתוּב, דְּהַמַפָּה בְּלָאו הָכִי לֹא הֲוֵי בָּסִיס, עַיֵן שָׁם בְּסִימָן שט ס"ט).
If at the onset of Shabbos, a permitted object was lying there too, making the vessel a base for both a prohibited object and a permitted object, if the permitted object is more important to you, you may handle it [i.e. the base vessel]. But, if the prohibited object is more important6Or equally important. [Mishnah Berurah 310: 33] to you, you are forbidden to handle it. It is, therefore, best to place the challos7Or silverware and dishes (Peri Megadim 279) since they are more important than the flames of the candles. However, Aruch Hashulchan (279: 1) requires that the permitted items be more important than even the candlesticks. on the table before twilight, so that the tablecloth and the table become a base for [both] the candles and the challos, and it will be permissible to handle them.8For the purpose of using the table or the space occupied by the table and provided you cannot first easily shake the muktzeh off the table. [See Mishnah Berurah 310: 34; 277: 18] According to most opinions the table may be moved even if the challah is no longer there. [Shulchan Aruch Harav 277: 6; Mishnah Berurah 377: 18] Some, however, permit this only where a loss may be involved. [Minchas Shabbos] If you did not do this, then the tablecloth and the table become a base solely for a prohibited object and it is forbidden to handle them. However, having done so, if there is an important need, such as if a [burning] candle fell on the table and it must be shaken off, you may rely on the poskim who rule that the rule of base does not apply unless you intended that the muktzeh object remain there for the entire Shabbos day,9See Shulchan Aruch 309: 4 and Biur Halachah. and since it is customary to have the candlesticks removed in the morning by a non-Jew, it does not become a base.
הָיוּ מָעוֹת בְּכִיס הַתָּפוּר בְּבִגְדּוֹ מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל אֶת הַבֶּגֶד, שֶׁאֵין כָּל הַבֶּגֶד נַעֲשָׂה בָּסִיס אֶלָּא הַכִּיס, וְהַכִּיס בָּטֵל לְגַבֵּי הַבֶּגֶד. אֲבָל אִין לְלָבְשׁוֹ אֲפִלּוּ בְּבֵיתוֹ, דְּחַיְשִׁינָן שֶׁמָּא יֵצֵא בּוֹ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים (וְאִם הוּא בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְיֶשׁ לוֹ מָעוֹת, עַיֵן לְעֵיל סִימָן ס"ח סָעִיף י"ב). אֲבָל תֵּבָה שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הַשֻּׁלְחָן [מְגֵרָה] (שובלאד) וְיֵשׁ מָעוֹת בַּתֵּבָה, אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל אֶת הַשֻּׁלְחָן, מִשּׁוּם דְּהַתֵּבָה הוּא כְּלִי בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְאֵינָהּ בְּטֵלָה לְגַבֵּי הַשֻּׁלְחָן.
If you had money in your pocket10See Chapter 88: 13. you may handle the garment, because the entire garment is not a base, only the pocket, and the pocket is subordinate to the garment.11It is preferable to first shake the money out. [Mishnah Berurah 310: 29. Also see ibid 310: 30.] However, you may not wear it even in the house, lest you inadvertently go out into the public domain.12Rema 310: 7. However, if a table drawer contains money, it is forbidden to move the table, because the drawer is a vessel unto itself13This is true only if the drawer can be completely removed from the table. Otherwise the drawer is considered only as a subordinate part of the table. [Mishnah Berurah 310: 31] 14Provided the drawer is used exclusively for muktzeh items. If the drawer normally holds other objects, then only the drawer is a base for that Shabbos and the table may be moved. [Mishnah Berurah 310: 31] and not subordinate to the table.
לֹא נַעֲשָׂה בָּסִיס, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הַמֻּקְצֶה הָיָה מֻנָּח שָׁם בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת. אֲבָל אִם לֹא הָיָה שָׁם בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת רַק אַחַר כָּךְ הִנִּיחוֹ שָׁם, לֹא נַעֲשָׂה בָּסִיס, וּמֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל אֶת הַכְּלִי אֲפִלּוּ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהַמֻּקְצֶה עָלָיו. וְלָכֵן מֻתָּר לְנַעֵר אֶת הַשֻּׁלְחָן אוֹ אֶת הַמַּפָּה מֵעֲצָמוֹת וּקְלִפִּין, כְּשֶׁאֵין הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהַמַּפָּה נַעֲשׂוּ בָּסִיס מִכֹּחַ הַנֵּרוֹת, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתַבְתִּי לְעֵיל סָעִיף ב'.
Nothing becomes a base unless the muktzeh object is lying there at twilight. However, if it was not there at twilight, but was put there afterward, it does not become a base and the vessel may be handled even while the muktzeh object is on it.15Magein Avraham 308: 50. However, Taz and Yeshuos Yaakov rule that while the muktzeh is on the vessel it is a base until removed. It is, therefore, preferable to shake off the muktzeh if practical. You may, therefore, shake the table or tablecloth [to remove] bones and peels, provided the table and tablecloth have not become a base as a result of the candles, as was discussed above, paragraph 2.
וְלֹא נַעֲשָׂה בָּסִיס אֶלָּא אִם הִנִּיחוֹ בְּכַוָּנָה שֶׁיְהֵא מֻנָּח שָׁם בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת. אֲבָל אִם נִשְׁאַר שָׁם מֵחֲמַת שִׁכְחָה אוֹ שֶׁנָּפַל מֵעַצְמוֹ לְשָׁם, לֹא נַעֲשָׂה בָּסִיס.
[The vessel] does not become a base unless you intentionally placed [the muktzeh] to remain there at twilight.16See paragraph 2. But, if it was left there as a result of forgetfulness or if it fell there on its own, [the vessel] does not become a base.17If you placed it there without thought, Mishnah Berurah (309: 18) cites conflicting opinions.
וְלֹא נַעֲשָׂה בָּסִיס אֶלָּא כְּלִי שֶׁלּוֹ. אֲבָל אִם הִנִּיחַ דָּבָר מֻקְצֶה עַל כְּלִי שֶׁל אַחֵר, לֹא נַעֲשָׂה בָּסִיס, דְּאֵין אָדָם אוֹסֵר דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ בִּדְלָֹא נִיחָא לֵיה לְחַבְרֵיהּ.
It does not become a base unless the vessel belongs to you. But, if you placed a muktzeh object on a vessel belonging to someone else, it does not become a base, because you cannot cause someone else's object [to become forbidden] without his consent.18If your placing the muktzeh there is of benefit to the other person, the vessel becomes a base. [Magein Avraham 309: 8, see also Minchas Shabbos 89: 22.]