Further, I will ask you, my brother, about the wiles of the evil inclination (for [my asking you this] is not in the category of lashon hara). Look into yourself: If it were known to you of a certainty that one publicized about you that you were not wise (and the like in the area of negation of eminence), how resentful you would be of him for this! You would think: "What signs of folly did he see in me? He is nothing other than an evil-hearted person and a speaker of lashon hara, whose desire is only to demean his friend and to degrade him!" And yet, when you yourself do this to your friend, who in many things is much better than you to the L–rd and to people, you do not see this as a sin at all! See the great blindness in this! And, in truth, when you reflect upon this, you will find in this instance of the varieties of the issur of lashon hara many more [elements] than in the others. This is so because in other instances of his saying about his friend that he transgressed an issur both in the area of "between man and his Maker" or in the area of "between man and his neighbor," it very often happens that his sole intent is zeal for the L–rd. And though this is of no avail for the din [it still being considered lashon hara (viz. Principle IV, section 2, and also section 1), still his intent was not for evil; as opposed to this instance, where his sole intent was to demean his friend and degrade him, an egregiously bad trait, as explained in the Sha'arei Teshuvah of Rabbeinu Yonah. And also, in terms of the hearer. For in the other aforementioned instances of lashon hara, his [the speaker's] words are not immediately accepted. And, of a certainty, many listeners will say: "So long as we do not see it with our own eyes, we will not believe it. And certainly, in what you have said, even if it is true, there must have been some mitigating circumstances which led him to act in this manner, for, as it was told, we cannot believe such things of him." And if it develops afterwards that what he said is false, the speaker will be an object of scorn and shame to all, for having spread a false report of his friend. But in this instance, if he degrades his friend and publicizes him as a fool and a simpleton to all, as a result of which all the townspeople will make him an object of shame and scorn, it often happens, in our many sins, that not one of the hearers will say: "Speak less and pity the honor of Israel. Why do you have to shame him so much!" — as if the speaker had done no wrong thereby. And of such a speaker it is said (Mishlei 30:20): "She ate and wiped her mouth and said: 'I have done no wrong.'"
2
*ואם מכון בזה להשקיט המריבה, כגון, שהוא רואה לראובן, שיש לו שנאה על שמעון על איזה דבר שעשה לו, או שדבר נגדו, (ז) מתר לו לומר לראובן, שלא נתכון בכל זה להתריס נגדו, רק סבת שטותו גרמה לזה כדי להקל בזה השנאה שבלבו, ומצוה נמי איכא.
עוֹד אֶשְׁאָלְךָ, אָחִי, עַל דְּבַר פִּתּוּי הַיֵּצֶּר, שֶׁדָּבָר זֶה אֵינֶנּוּ בִּכְלַל לָשׁוֹן הָרָע, שֶׁתִּבְחַן בְּעַצְמְךָ, אִם יִתְוַדַּע אֵלֶיךָ בְּבֵרוּר, שֶׁאֶחָד פִּרְסֵם עָלֶיךָ לַאֲנָשִׁים שֶׁאֵינְךָ חָכָם (וְכַיּוֹצֵּא בָּזֶה בִּשְׁאָר שְׁלִילַת הַמַּעֲלוֹת), כַּמָּה מֵהַתַּרְעוֹמוֹת הָיָה לְךָ עָלָיו עַבוּר זֶה, וְהָיִיתָ חוֹשֵׁב עָלָיו לֵאמֹר: מַה סִימָנִי שְׁטוּת רָאָה עָלַי? אֵין זֶה כִּי אִם רֹעַ לֵב וּבַעַל לָשׁוֹן הָרָע, שֶׁרְצּוֹנוֹ רַק לְגַנּוֹת חֲבֵרוֹ וּלְהַשְׁפִּילוֹ, וּכְשֶׁאַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה כֵן לַחֲבֵרְךָ שֶׁבְּכַמָּה עִנְיָנִים הוּא טוֹב יוֹתֵר מִמְּךָ לַה' וְלַבְּרִיּוֹת אֵין זֶה נֶחְשָׁב בְּעֵינְיךָ לְעָוֹן כְּלָל, רְאֵה אֶת הָעִוָּרוֹן הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּזֶה, וּבֶאֱמֶּת כְּשֶׁתְּדַקְדֵּק בּוֹ, תִּמְצָא בְּזֶה הָעִנְיָן מֵחֶלְקֵי אִסוּר לָשׁוֹן הָרָע הַרְבֵּה יוֹתֵר מֵחֲלָקִים אֲחֵרִים. אֶחָד מֵחֲמַת הַמְסַפֵּר, וְהוּא, כִּי בִּשְׁאָר עִנְיָנִים שֶׁהוּא מְסַפֵּר עַל חֲבֵרוֹ, שֶׁעָבַר אֵיזֶה אִסוּר, הֵן בְּבֵין אָדָם לַמָּקוֹם אוֹ בְּבֵין אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ, מָצּוּי מְאֹד כַּמָּה פְּעָמִים שֶׁהוּא מְכַוֵּן רַק לְקִנְאַת הָאֱמֶת, וְאַף שֶׁאֵין זֶה מוֹעִיל לְדִינָא, וְכַנַּ"ל בִּכְלָל ד' סָעִיף ב' וּבִכְלָל זֶה סָעִיף א', עַל כָּל פָּנִים מַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ לֹא הָיְתָה לְרָעָה, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בָּזֶה, שֶׁכַּוָּנָתוֹ רַק לְגַנּוֹת לַחֲבֵרוֹ וּלְהַשְׁפִּילוֹ וְהִיא מִדָּה רָעָה מְאֹד, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב בְּשַׁעֲרֵי תְּשׁוּבָה לְרַבֵּנוּ יוֹנָה. עוֹד זֹאת מִצַּד הַמְקַבֵּל, כִּי בִּשְׁאָר עִנְיְנִי לָשׁוֹן הָרָע הַנַּ"ל לֹא יִתְקַבְּלוּ תֵּכֶף דְּבָרָיו, וּבְוַדַּאי יִהְיוּ הַרְבֵּה מֵהַשּׁוֹמְּעִים שֶׁיְּשִׁיבוּהוּ: כָּל זְמַן שֶׁאֵין אָנוּ רוֹאִים בְּעֵינֵינוּ, לֹא נַאֲמִין, וּבְוַדַּאי מַה שֶּׁסִפַּרְתָּ, אַף אִם אֱמֶת הוּא, מִסְתָמָא הָיָה אֵיזֶה סִבָּה שֶׁהֵבִיאוֹ לָזֶה, כִּי כִּפְשׁוּטוֹ אִי אֶפְשָׁר לְהַאֲמִין עָלָיו, וְאִם יִתְבָּרֵר אַחַר כָּךְ שֶׁהוּא שֶׁקֶר, יִהְיֶה הַמְסַפֵּר עֲבוּר זֶה לְבוּז וּלְקָלוֹן בְּעֵינִי כֹּל, מִפְּנִי שֶׁהוֹצִּיא שֵׁם רַע עַל חֲבֵרוֹ, אֲבָל בָּזֶה, אִם יַשְׁפִּיל אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ וִיפַרְסְמוֹ לְשׁוֹטֶה וּלְפֶתִי לְעֵין כֹּל, וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה יַעֲשֵׂהוּ לְבוּז וּלְקָלוֹן בְּעֵינֵי אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר, מָצוּי מְאֹד, בַּעֲוֹנוֹתֵינוּ הָרַבִּים, שֶׁאַף אֶחָד מֵהַשּׁוֹמְעִים לֹא יַעֲמֹד נֶגְדּוֹ לוֹמַר: הַמְעֵט דְּבָרֶיךָ וְחוּס עַל כְּבוֹד יִשְׂרָאֵל, לָמָּה אַתָּה צָּרִיךְ לְבַזּוֹתוֹ כָּל כָּךְ? וּכְאִלּוּ לֹא עָשָׂה הַמְסַפֵּר שׁוּם עַוְלָה בָּזֶה, וְעַל הַמְסַפֵּר הַזֶּה נֶאֱמַר (משלי ל, כ): "אָכְלָה וּמָחֲתָה פִּיהָ וְאָמְרָה לֹא פָּעַלְתִּי אָוֶן" *.
Further, I will ask you, my brother, about the wiles of the evil inclination (for [my asking you this] is not in the category of lashon hara). Look into yourself: If it were known to you of a certainty that one publicized about you that you were not wise (and the like in the area of negation of eminence), how resentful you would be of him for this! You would think: "What signs of folly did he see in me? He is nothing other than an evil-hearted person and a speaker of lashon hara, whose desire is only to demean his friend and to degrade him!" And yet, when you yourself do this to your friend, who in many things is much better than you to the L–rd and to people, you do not see this as a sin at all! See the great blindness in this! And, in truth, when you reflect upon this, you will find in this instance of the varieties of the issur of lashon hara many more [elements] than in the others. This is so because in other instances of his saying about his friend that he transgressed an issur both in the area of "between man and his Maker" or in the area of "between man and his neighbor," it very often happens that his sole intent is zeal for the L–rd. And though this is of no avail for the din [it still being considered lashon hara (viz. Principle IV, section 2, and also section 1), still his intent was not for evil; as opposed to this instance, where his sole intent was to demean his friend and degrade him, an egregiously bad trait, as explained in the Sha'arei Teshuvah of Rabbeinu Yonah. And also, in terms of the hearer. For in the other aforementioned instances of lashon hara, his [the speaker's] words are not immediately accepted. And, of a certainty, many listeners will say: "So long as we do not see it with our own eyes, we will not believe it. And certainly, in what you have said, even if it is true, there must have been some mitigating circumstances which led him to act in this manner, for, as it was told, we cannot believe such things of him." And if it develops afterwards that what he said is false, the speaker will be an object of scorn and shame to all, for having spread a false report of his friend. But in this instance, if he degrades his friend and publicizes him as a fool and a simpleton to all, as a result of which all the townspeople will make him an object of shame and scorn, it often happens, in our many sins, that not one of the hearers will say: "Speak less and pity the honor of Israel. Why do you have to shame him so much!" — as if the speaker had done no wrong thereby. And of such a speaker it is said (Mishlei 30:20): "She ate and wiped her mouth and said: 'I have done no wrong.'"
*ואם מכון בזה להשקיט המריבה, כגון, שהוא רואה לראובן, שיש לו שנאה על שמעון על איזה דבר שעשה לו, או שדבר נגדו, (ז) מתר לו לומר לראובן, שלא נתכון בכל זה להתריס נגדו, רק סבת שטותו גרמה לזה כדי להקל בזה השנאה שבלבו, ומצוה נמי איכא.