Know, a person must judge everyone favorably (Avot 1:6). Even someone who is completely wicked, it is necessary to search and find in him some modicum of good; that in that little bit he is not wicked. And by finding in him a modicum of good and judging him favorably, one genuinely elevates him to the scale of merit and can bring him to repent.
This is the aspect of “In yet a little bit the wicked man is not; you will reflect upon his place and he will not be there” (Psalms 37:10). That is, Scripture warns to judge everyone favorably. Even if you see that he is completely wicked, you must search and seek the little bit of good in him, wherein he is not wicked. This is:
In yet a little bit the wicked man is not—You must seek the “yet a little bit” of good that he still has within him, because in that place he is not wicked. For although he is wicked, how is it possible that he does not still possess even a little bit of good? Is it possible that throughout his life he never once did some mitzvah or good deed? And by your finding in him yet a little bit of good wherein he is not wicked, and your judging him favorably, you genuinely elevate him from the scale of guilt to the scale of merit, until, as a result of this, he returns [to God] in repentance.
you will reflect upon his place and he will not be there—That is, when you contemplate and consider his place and level, he is no longer there in his original place. For by finding in him yet a little bit of good, some good point, and judging him favorably, we genuinely move him from the scale of guilt to the scale of merit.
2. Likewise, a person must find [some good point] within himself. It is known that a person must take care to be happy always and to keep very far away from depression {as has been explained in our works a number of times}.
It may be that when he begins examining himself, he sees that he possesses no good whatsoever and is filled with sin, and that as a result the Evil One wants to push him into depression and sadness, God forbid. Even so, it is forbidden to fall on account of this. Rather, he must search until he finds in himself some little bit of good. For how is it possible that throughout his life he never once did some mitzvah or good deed? And even if when he begins examining this good thing he sees that it, too, is filled with flaws and contains no purity—i.e., he sees that the mitzvah or holy deed that he merited doing is itself comprised of impure motives, external thoughts and numerous faults—nevertheless, how is it possible that this mitzvah or holy deed contains not even a little bit of good? For in any case, despite this there must have been some good point in the mitzvah or good deed that he did.
Thus, a person has to search and seek to find in himself some little bit of good in order to revive himself and to attain joy, as explained above. By searching until he finds a remaining little bit of good in himself, he genuinely moves from the scale of guilt to the scale of merit and can return [to God] in repentance. This, in the aspect of “In yet a little bit the wicked man is not; you will reflect upon his place and he will not be there,” as explained above.
That is, just as has been explained above, that we must judge others favorably, even the wicked, and find in them some good point, and by doing so move them from the scale of guilt to the scale of merit, in the aspect of “in yet a little bit… you will reflect…”—the same applies with regard to oneself. A person has to judge himself favorably and find in himself some remaining good point, in order to give himself the strength to avoid falling completely, God forbid. On the contrary, he will revive himself and bring joy to his soul with the little bit of good he finds in himself—i.e., that once in his life he merited doing a mitzvah or good deed.
Likewise, he must go on searching until he finds in himself yet another good thing. And although this good thing too is mixed with much impurity, still, he must extract some good point from there as well. Indeed, he must go on searching and gathering further good points.
And it is through this that melodies are made. As explained elsewhere, the aspect of playing a musical instrument is the aspect of gathering the good ruach from the ruach of gloom, depression; see there. {The principle is that music of holiness is extremely lofty, as is known. In essence, music is made through the separation of good from evil; by selecting and gathering the good points from the bad, melodies and songs are created. Study there well.}
Therefore, by not letting himself fall, but reviving himself by searching and seeking until he finds in himself some good points, gathering and separating those good points from the evil and impurity within him—through this melodies are made, as explained above. Then, he is able to pray and sing and give praise to God.
For it is known that when a person becomes depressed over his gross physicality and evil deeds, and he sees how very distant he truly is from holiness, it generally makes him completely incapable of praying. He cannot even open his mouth at all, due to the magnitude of the depression, sadness and heaviness that come over him when he sees how exceedingly distant he is from God.
that is, although he knows within himself that he committed evil deeds and numerous sins, and that he is exceedingly distant from God, yet he nevertheless searches and seeks until he finds some remaining good points in himself, as explained above, and he brings himself vitality and joy through this; for it is certainly right that a person feel ever-increasing joy over every good point stemming from the holiness of Israel that he yet finds in himself—then, when he revives himself and brings himself to joy through this, as explained above, he is then able to pray, sing and give praise to God.
This is the aspect of “I will sing to God b’odee (with the little I have left)” (Psalms 146:2). Specifically b’ODee—i.e., by means of my OD that I find in myself, the aspect of “In yet a little bit the wicked man is not,” as explained above. By means of this point I am able to sing and give praise to God, as explained above.
{[Rebbe Nachman], of blessed memory, cautioned us to live by this teaching, for it is a major foundation for anyone who wishes to draw closer to God and not lose his eternal reward completely, God forbid. In most cases where people are far from God, the main reason for this is sadness and depression. They fall into depression because they see for themselves the great harm they have caused through their actions, each person commensurate with what he himself knows of his heart’s affliction and his anguish. Due to this they become depressed, and most of them despair [of] themselves completely. As a result they pray without any concentration, and do not even do what they are still capable of.
Thus, a person has to be very sagacious in this matter. For although all his depressions are due to the evil deeds he did indeed commit, still, that he fell into depression, and that sadness and melancholy descend upon him because of this, is nothing but the work of the Evil One, who discourages him in order to defeat him completely, God forbid. One must therefore be very resolved to live by this teaching, to each time search and seek within himself a little bit of good and good points, etc., as explained above. Through this he will revive himself and bring himself joy, and he will still look forward to God’s help. He will be able to pray, and sing and give praise to God, in the aspect of “I will sing to God with the little I have left,” as explained above. And because of this, he will merit to genuinely return to God, as explained above.}
3. Know, too, that someone who is capable of making these melodies—i.e., gathering the good points that are to be found in each Jew, even a Jewish sinner, as explained above—he can lead the communal prayers. For one who leads the communal prayers is called the messenger of the people; he must be sent by all the people—i.e., he must gather every good point that is to be found in each of the congregants. All these good points are merged in him, so that when he stands up to pray, it is with all this good. This is the meaning of “messenger of the people.” Thus, he must have within him this exalted aspect, as a result of which all the points are drawn to him and become merged within him.
And someone who can make the aforementioned melodies—i.e., he is capable of judging all people favorably, even the rabble and the wicked, because he persistently searches and seeks to find the good points in all of them, through which melodies are made, as explained above—this tzaddik, since he is on this level, is capable of being the cantor and messenger of the people. That is, he can lead the communal prayers, because he has within him this aspect, which is a necessary requirement to be a truly fitting messenger of the people. For he must possess the aspect whereby all the good points are drawn to him and are merged within him, so that he is capable of gathering all the good points that are to be found in each Jew, even a Jewish sinner, as explained above.
4. Know, too, that in each and every generation there is a shepherd who is the aspect of Moshe, the “faithful shepherd.” This shepherd makes a sanctuary.
And know, the young schoolchildren receive the undefiled breath of their mouths from this sanctuary. Therefore, when a young child first begins to read and enter the study of Torah, he begins with “Vayikra (And He called) to Moshe” (Leviticus 1:1)—[the word Vayikra is written] with a small aleph—because [the Book of] Vayikra speaks of the completion of the Sanctuary’s erection. It was then that God called to Moshe and began speaking to him from the Sanctuary. This is why the young children begin from there, because it is from there that they receive the breath of their mouths, as explained above, and from there they begin to read and enter into Torah study.
5. And know, all the tzaddikim of the generation, without exception, are the aspect of a shepherd. For within each one of them is an aspect of Moshe; and each one of them, in his own aspect, makes an aspect of a sanctuary, from which the young children receive the breath of their mouths, as explained above. And each [tzaddik], commensurate with his aspect—the aspect of the sanctuary that he makes—likewise has young children who receive from there. Thus it is that every tzaddik of the generation, without exception, has a specific number of children who receive the breath of their mouths from him; each [tzaddik] commensurate with his aspect, as explained above.
This is the aspect of what our Sages, of blessed memory, said: Young children are snatched away because of the sin of the generation, as it is said (Song of Songs 1:8), “and graze your young goats by the shepherd’s MiShKaNot (tents)”—[the young children] mitmaShKNin (are taken as surety) for the shepherds (Shabbat 33b).
This is the explanation of “by the shepherd’s tents.” They receive the breath of their mouths from the aspect of the mishkanot of the shepherds—i.e., the tzaddikim of the generation, each of whom makes a mishkan (sanctuary), as explained above.
6. However, to know all this— i.e., to know of each and every tzaddik, which are the young children who relate to him and how much they receive from him, and to know all the aspects involved in this and the generations that will come from them to the very end—know, one who can make the aforementioned melodies can know all this.
And this is the deeper meaning of what our Sages, of blessed memory, said in the Mishnah: In truth, they said, the chazan sees where the young children are reading (Shabbat 11a). “The chazan”—i.e., one who can make the aforementioned melodies—he can be the cantor, the messenger of the people, leader of the communal prayers, as explained above. He sees and knows “where the young children are reading”—i.e., from which tzaddik they receive the breath of their mouths, through whom they read and enter into the study of Torah, as explained above.
30
תם ונשלם ספר ראשון.
This completes Volume One.
31
תהלה לאל אחרון וראשון:
Praise to God, the Last and the First.
32
ואלה מוסיף על הראשונים. לקוטים חדשים שלקטתי מהחברים. מפיהם ומפי כתבם. שלא הובאו בראשונים:
The following additional lessons are new collections that I gathered from fellow chassidim, that which I heard from them verbally and that which they had recorded, which were not included in the first edition.
דַּע, כִּי צָרִיךְ לָדוּן אֶת כָּל אָדָם לְכַף זְכוּת, וַאֲפִלּוּ מִי שֶׁהוּא רָשָׁע גָּמוּר, צָרִיךְ לְחַפֵּשׂ וְלִמְצֹא בּוֹ אֵיזֶה מְעַט טוֹב, שֶׁבְּאוֹתוֹ הַמְּעַט אֵינוֹ רָשָׁע, וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה שֶׁמּוֹצֵא בּוֹ מְעַט טוֹב, וְדָן אוֹתוֹ לְכַף זְכוּת, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה מַעֲלֶה אוֹתוֹ בֶּאֱמֶת לְכַף זְכוּת, וְיוּכַל לַהֲשִׁיבוֹ בִּתְשׁוּבָה.
Know, a person must judge everyone favorably (Avot 1:6). Even someone who is completely wicked, it is necessary to search and find in him some modicum of good; that in that little bit he is not wicked. And by finding in him a modicum of good and judging him favorably, one genuinely elevates him to the scale of merit and can bring him to repent.
וְזֶה בְּחִינַת (תהילים ל״ז:י׳): וְעוֹד מְעַט וְאֵין רָשָׁע וְהִתְבּוֹנַנְתָּ עַל מְקוֹמוֹ וְאֵינֶנּוּ; הַיְנוּ שֶׁהַפָּסוּק מַזְהִיר לָדוּן אֶת הַכֹּל לְכַף זְכוּת, וְאַף־עַל־פִּי שֶׁאַתָּה רוֹאֶה שֶׁהוּא רָשָׁע גָּמוּר, אַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן צָרִיךְ אַתָּה לְחַפֵּשׂ וּלְבַקֵּשׁ לִמְצֹא בּוֹ מְעַט טוֹב, שֶׁשָּׁם אֵינוֹ רָשָׁע. וְזֶהוּ:
This is the aspect of “In yet a little bit the wicked man is not; you will reflect upon his place and he will not be there” (Psalms 37:10). That is, Scripture warns to judge everyone favorably. Even if you see that he is completely wicked, you must search and seek the little bit of good in him, wherein he is not wicked. This is:
וְעוֹד מְעַט וְאֵין רָשָׁע – שֶׁצָּרִיךְ אַתָּה לְבַקֵּשׁ בּוֹ עוֹד מְעַט טוֹב, שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ עֲדַיִן, שֶׁשָּׁם אֵינוֹ רָשָׁע, כִּי אַף־עַל־פִּי שֶׁהוּא רָשָׁע, אֵיךְ אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ מְעַט טוֹב עֲדַיִן, כִּי אֵיךְ אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא עָשָׂה אֵיזֶה מִצְוָה אוֹ דָּבָר טוֹב מִיָּמָיו, וְעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה שֶׁאַתָּה מוֹצֵא בּוֹ עוֹד מְעַט טוֹב, שֶׁשָּׁם אֵינוֹ רָשָׁע, וְאַתָּה דָּן אוֹתוֹ לְכַף זְכוּת, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה אַתָּה מַעֲלֶה אוֹתוֹ בֶּאֱמֶת מִכַּף חוֹבָה לְכַף זְכוּת, עַד שֶׁיָּשׁוּב בִּתְשׁוּבָה עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה.
In yet a little bit the wicked man is not—You must seek the “yet a little bit” of good that he still has within him, because in that place he is not wicked. For although he is wicked, how is it possible that he does not still possess even a little bit of good? Is it possible that throughout his life he never once did some mitzvah or good deed? And by your finding in him yet a little bit of good wherein he is not wicked, and your judging him favorably, you genuinely elevate him from the scale of guilt to the scale of merit, until, as a result of this, he returns [to God] in repentance.
וְזֶהוּ: וְעוֹד מְעַט וְאֵין רָשָׁע – עַל־יְדֵי שֶׁמּוֹצֵא בְּהָרָשָׁע עוֹד מְעַט טוֹב, שֶׁשָּׁם אֵינוֹ רָשָׁע, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה:
Thus, this is “In yet a little bit the wicked man is not.” By finding in the wicked person “yet a little bit” of good, as a result:
וְהִתְבּוֹנַנְתָּ עַל מְקוֹמוֹ וְאֵינֶנּוּ – הַיְנוּ כְּשֶׁתִּתְבּוֹנֵן וְתִסְתַּכֵּל עַל מְקוֹמוֹ וּמַדְרֵגָתוֹ, וְאֵינֶנּוּ שָׁם עַל מְקוֹמוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן, כִּי עַל־יְדֵי שֶׁמּוֹצְאִין בּוֹ עוֹד מְעַט טוֹב, אֵיזֶה נְקֻדָּה טוֹבָה, וְדָנִין אוֹתוֹ לְכַף זְכוּת, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתוֹ בֶּאֱמֶת מִכַּף חוֹבָה לְכַף זְכוּת.
you will reflect upon his place and he will not be there—That is, when you contemplate and consider his place and level, he is no longer there in his original place. For by finding in him yet a little bit of good, some good point, and judging him favorably, we genuinely move him from the scale of guilt to the scale of merit.
וְזֶהוּ: וְהִתְבּוֹנַנְתָּ עַל מְקוֹמוֹ וְאֵינֶנּוּ כַּנַּ"ל, וְהָבֵן:
This is the explanation of “you will reflect upon his place and he will not be there,” as explained above. Understand this.
וְכֵן צָרִיךְ הָאָדָם לִמְצֹא גַּם בְּעַצְמוֹ. כִּי זֶה יָדוּעַ, שֶׁצָּרִיךְ הָאָדָם לִזָּהֵר מְאֹד לִהְיוֹת בְּשִׂמְחָה תָּמִיד, וּלְהַרְחִיק הָעַצְבוּת מְאֹד מְאֹד (כַּמְבֹאָר אֶצְלֵנוּ כַּמָּה פְּעָמִים),
2. Likewise, a person must find [some good point] within himself. It is known that a person must take care to be happy always and to keep very far away from depression {as has been explained in our works a number of times}.
וַאֲפִלּוּ כְּשֶׁמַּתְחִיל לְהִסְתַּכֵּל בְּעַצְמוֹ וְרוֹאֶה שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ שׁוּם טוֹב, וְהוּא מָלֵא חֲטָאִים, וְרוֹצֶה הַבַּעַל דָּבָר לְהַפִּילוֹ עַל יְדֵי זֶה בְּעַצְבוּת וּמָרָה שְׁחוֹרָה, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, אַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן אָסוּר לוֹ לִפֹּל מִזֶּה, רַק צָרִיךְ לְחַפֵּשׂ וְלִמְצֹא בְּעַצְמוֹ אֵיזֶה מְעַט טוֹב, כִּי אֵיךְ אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא עָשָׂה מִיָּמָיו אֵיזֶה מִצְוָה אוֹ דָּבָר טוֹב, וְאַף שֶׁכְּשֶׁמַּתְחִיל לְהִסְתַּכֵּל בְּאוֹתוֹ הַדָּבָר הַטּוֹב, הוּא רוֹאֶה שֶׁהוּא גַּם כֵּן מָלֵא פְּצָעִים וְאֵין בּוֹ מְתֹם, הַיְנוּ שֶׁרוֹאֶה שֶׁגַּם הַמִּצְוָה וְהַדָּבָר שֶׁבִּקְדֻשָּׁה שֶׁזָּכָה לַעֲשׂוֹת, הוּא גַּם כֵּן מָלֵא פְּנִיּוֹת וּמַחֲשָׁבוֹת זָרוֹת וּפְגָמִים הַרְבֵּה, עִם כָּל זֶה אֵיךְ אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה בְּאוֹתָהּ הַמִּצְוָה וְהַדָּבָר שֶׁבִּקְדֻשָּׁה אֵיזֶה מְעַט טוֹב, כִּי עַל כָּל פָּנִים אֵיךְ שֶׁהוּא, עַל־כָּל־פָּנִים הָיָה אֵיזֶה נְקֻדָּה טוֹבָה בְּהַמִּצְוָה וְהַדָּבָר טוֹב שֶׁעָשָׂה,
It may be that when he begins examining himself, he sees that he possesses no good whatsoever and is filled with sin, and that as a result the Evil One wants to push him into depression and sadness, God forbid. Even so, it is forbidden to fall on account of this. Rather, he must search until he finds in himself some little bit of good. For how is it possible that throughout his life he never once did some mitzvah or good deed? And even if when he begins examining this good thing he sees that it, too, is filled with flaws and contains no purity—i.e., he sees that the mitzvah or holy deed that he merited doing is itself comprised of impure motives, external thoughts and numerous faults—nevertheless, how is it possible that this mitzvah or holy deed contains not even a little bit of good? For in any case, despite this there must have been some good point in the mitzvah or good deed that he did.
כִּי צָרִיךְ הָאָדָם לְחַפֵּשׂ וּלְבַקֵּשׁ לִמְצֹא בְּעַצְמוֹ אֵיזֶה מְעַט טוֹב, כְּדֵי לְהַחֲיוֹת אֶת עַצְמוֹ, וְלָבוֹא לִידֵי שִׂמְחָה כַּנַּ"ל, וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה שֶׁמְּחַפֵּשׂ וּמוֹצֵא בְּעַצְמוֹ עֲדַיִן מְעַט טוֹב, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה הוּא יוֹצֵא בֶּאֱמֶת מִכַּף חוֹבָה לְכַף זְכוּת, וְיוּכַל לָשׁוּב בִּתְשׁוּבָה, בִּבְחִינוֹת: וְעוֹד מְעַט וְאֵין רָשָׁע וְהִתְבּוֹנַנְתָּ עַל מְקוֹמוֹ וְאֵינֶנּוּ, כַּנַּ"ל.
Thus, a person has to search and seek to find in himself some little bit of good in order to revive himself and to attain joy, as explained above. By searching until he finds a remaining little bit of good in himself, he genuinely moves from the scale of guilt to the scale of merit and can return [to God] in repentance. This, in the aspect of “In yet a little bit the wicked man is not; you will reflect upon his place and he will not be there,” as explained above.
הַיְנוּ כְּמוֹ שֶׁצְּרִיכִין לָדוּן אֲחֵרִים לְכַף זְכוּת, אֲפִלּוּ אֶת הָרְשָׁעִים, וְלִמְצֹא בָּהֶם אֵיזֶה נְקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת, וְעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתָם בֶּאֱמֶת מִכַּף חוֹבָה לְכַף זְכוּת, בִּבְחִינַת: וְעוֹד מְעַט וְכוּ' וְהִתְבּוֹנַנְתָּ וְכוּ' כַּנַּ"ל, כְּמוֹ כֵן הוּא אֵצֶל הָאָדָם בְּעַצְמוֹ, שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לָדוּן אֶת עַצְמוֹ לְכַף זְכוּת, וְלִמְצֹא בְּעַצְמוֹ אֵיזֶה נְקֻדָּה טוֹבָה עֲדַיִן, כְּדֵי לְחַזֵּק אֶת עַצְמוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִפֹּל לְגַמְרֵי, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, רַק אַדְּרַבָּא יְחַיֶּה אֶת עַצְמוֹ, וִישַׂמַּח אֶת נַפְשׁוֹ בִּמְעַט הַטּוֹב שֶׁמּוֹצֵא בְּעַצְמוֹ, דְּהַיְנוּ מַה שֶּׁזָּכָה לַעֲשׂוֹת מִיָּמָיו אֵיזֶה מִצְוָה אוֹ אֵיזֶה דָּבָר טוֹב,
That is, just as has been explained above, that we must judge others favorably, even the wicked, and find in them some good point, and by doing so move them from the scale of guilt to the scale of merit, in the aspect of “in yet a little bit… you will reflect…”—the same applies with regard to oneself. A person has to judge himself favorably and find in himself some remaining good point, in order to give himself the strength to avoid falling completely, God forbid. On the contrary, he will revive himself and bring joy to his soul with the little bit of good he finds in himself—i.e., that once in his life he merited doing a mitzvah or good deed.
וּכְמוֹ כֵן צָרִיךְ לְחַפֵּשׂ עוֹד, לִמְצֹא בְּעַצְמוֹ עוֹד אֵיזֶה דָּבָר טוֹב, וְאַף שֶׁגַּם אוֹתוֹ הַדָּבָר הַטּוֹב הוּא גַּם־כֵּן מְעֹרָב בִּפְסֹלֶת הַרְבֵּה, עִם כָּל זֶה יוֹצִיא מִשָּׁם גַּם־כֵּן אֵיזֶה נְקֻדָּה טוֹבָה. וְכֵן יְחַפֵּשׂ וִילַקֵּט עוֹד הַנְּקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת,
Likewise, he must go on searching until he finds in himself yet another good thing. And although this good thing too is mixed with much impurity, still, he must extract some good point from there as well. Indeed, he must go on searching and gathering further good points.
וְעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה נַעֲשִׂין נִגּוּנִים, כַּמְבֹאָר בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר (במאמר ויהי מקץ בסי' נ"ד), בְּחִינַת מְנַגֵּן בִּכְלֵי זֶמֶר, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת שֶׁמְּלַקֵּט הָרוּחַ טוֹבָה מִן הָרוּחַ נְכֵאָה עַצְבוּת רוּחַ, עַיֵּן שָׁם. [וְהַכְּלָל, כִּי נְגִינָה דִּקְדֻשָּׁה הִיא גָּבוֹהַּ מְאֹד מְאֹד כַּיָּדוּעַ, וְעִקַּר הַנִּגּוּן נַעֲשֶׂה עַל־יְדֵי בֵּרוּר הַטּוֹב מִן הָרַע, שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי שֶׁמְּבָרְרִין וּמְלַקְּטִין הַנְּקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת מִתּוֹךְ הָרַע, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה נַעֲשִׂים נִגּוּנִים וּזְמִירוֹת, עַיֵּן שָׁם הֵיטֵב].
And it is through this that melodies are made. As explained elsewhere, the aspect of playing a musical instrument is the aspect of gathering the good ruach from the ruach of gloom, depression; see there. {The principle is that music of holiness is extremely lofty, as is known. In essence, music is made through the separation of good from evil; by selecting and gathering the good points from the bad, melodies and songs are created. Study there well.}
וְעַל כֵּן עַל יְדֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַנִּיחַ לְהַפִּיל אֶת עַצְמוֹ וּמְחַיֶּה אֶת עַצְמוֹ בַּמֶּה שֶּׁמְּחַפֵּשׂ וּמְבַקֵּשׁ וּמוֹצֵא בְּעַצְמוֹ אֵיזֶה נְקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת, וּמְלַקֵּט וּמְבָרֵר אֵלּוּ הַנְּקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת מִתּוֹךְ הָרָע וְהַפְּסֹלֶת שֶׁבּוֹ וְכוּ' כַּנַּ"ל, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה נַעֲשִׂין נִגּוּנִים כַּנַּ"ל, וַאֲזַי הוּא יָכוֹל לְהִתְפַּלֵּל וּלְזַמֵּר וּלְהוֹדוֹת לַה'.
Therefore, by not letting himself fall, but reviving himself by searching and seeking until he finds in himself some good points, gathering and separating those good points from the evil and impurity within him—through this melodies are made, as explained above. Then, he is able to pray and sing and give praise to God.
כִּי זֶה יָדוּעַ שֶׁכְּשֶׁהָאָדָם נוֹפֵל בְּדַעְתּוֹ מֵחֲמַת גַּשְׁמִיּוּתוֹ וּמַעֲשָׂיו הָרָעִים, שֶׁרוֹאֶה שֶׁהוּא רָחוֹק מְאֹד מְאֹד מִן הַקְּדֻשָּׁה בֶּאֱמֶת, אֲזַי עַל־פִּי רֹב אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהִתְפַּלֵּל כְּלָל מֵחֲמַת זֶה, וְאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִפְתֹּחַ פִּיו כְּלָל, מֵחֲמַת גֹּדֶל הָעַצְבוּת וְהַמָּרָה שְׁחוֹרָה וְהַכְּבֵדוּת שֶׁנּוֹפֵל עָלָיו, עַל־יְדֵי שֶׁרוֹאֶה גֹּדֶל עֹצֶם רִחוּקוֹ מֵהַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ.
For it is known that when a person becomes depressed over his gross physicality and evil deeds, and he sees how very distant he truly is from holiness, it generally makes him completely incapable of praying. He cannot even open his mouth at all, due to the magnitude of the depression, sadness and heaviness that come over him when he sees how exceedingly distant he is from God.
אֲבָל כְּשֶׁהוּא מְחַיֶּה אֶת עַצְמוֹ עַל־פִּי הָעֵצָה הַנַּ"ל,
However, if he revives himself by means of the aforementioned suggestion—
דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁאַף־עַל־פִּי שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ בְּעַצְמוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ מַעֲשִׂים רָעִים וַחֲטָאִים הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד, וְהוּא רָחוֹק מְאֹד מְאֹד מֵהַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ, אַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן הוּא מְחַפֵּשׂ וּמְבַקֵּשׁ וּמוֹצֵא בְּעַצְמוֹ עֲדַיִן אֵיזֶה נְקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת כַּנַּ"ל, וּמְחַיֶּה וּמְשַׂמֵּחַ אֶת עַצְמוֹ בָּזֶה, כִּי בְּוַדַּאי רָאוּי לְהָאָדָם לְהַגְדִּיל שִׂמְחָתוֹ מְאֹד בְּכָל נְקֻדָּה וּנְקֻדָּה טוֹבָה מִקְּדֻשַּׁת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁמּוֹצֵא בְּעַצְמוֹ עֲדַיִן, וַאֲזַי כְּשֶׁמְּחַיֶּה וּמְשַׂמֵּחַ אֶת עַצְמוֹ עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה כַּנַּ"ל, אֲזַי הוּא יָכוֹל לְהִתְפַּלֵּל וּלְזַמֵּר וּלְהוֹדוֹת לַה':
that is, although he knows within himself that he committed evil deeds and numerous sins, and that he is exceedingly distant from God, yet he nevertheless searches and seeks until he finds some remaining good points in himself, as explained above, and he brings himself vitality and joy through this; for it is certainly right that a person feel ever-increasing joy over every good point stemming from the holiness of Israel that he yet finds in himself—then, when he revives himself and brings himself to joy through this, as explained above, he is then able to pray, sing and give praise to God.
וְזֶה בְּחִינַת (תהילים קמ״ו:ב׳): אֲזַמְּרָה לֵאלֹקַי בְּעוֹדִי – בְּעוֹדִי דַּיְקָא, הַיְנוּ עַל יְדֵי בְּחִינַת הָעוֹד שֶׁלִּי, שֶׁאֲנִי מוֹצֵא בְּעַצְמִי בְּחִינַת: עוֹד מְעַט וְאֵין רָשָׁע כַּנַּ"ל, עַל יְדֵי אוֹתָהּ הַנְּקֻדָּה, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה אוּכַל לְזַמֵּר וּלְהוֹדוֹת לַה' כַּנַּ"ל.
This is the aspect of “I will sing to God b’odee (with the little I have left)” (Psalms 146:2). Specifically b’ODee—i.e., by means of my OD that I find in myself, the aspect of “In yet a little bit the wicked man is not,” as explained above. By means of this point I am able to sing and give praise to God, as explained above.
וְזֶהוּ: אֲזַמְּרָה – אֲזַמְּרָה דַּיְקָא, הַיְנוּ זְמִירוֹת וְנִגּוּנִים שֶׁנַּעֲשִׂין עַל יְדֵי שֶׁמְּלַקֵּט הַנְּקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת כַּנַּ"ל:
And this is: I will sing—Specifically “I will sing”; i.e., the songs and melodies that are made by gathering the good points, as explained above.
[וְהִזְהִיר רַבֵּנוּ זִכְרוֹנוֹ לִבְרָכָה מְאֹד, לֵילֵךְ עִם הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת, כִּי הוּא יְסוֹד גָּדוֹל לְכָל מִי שֶׁרוֹצֶה לְהִתְקָרֵב לְהַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ, וּלְבַל יֹאבַד עוֹלָמוֹ לְגַמְרֵי חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, כִּי רֹב בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁרְחוֹקִים מֵהַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ, עִקַּר רִחוּקָם הוּא מֵחֲמַת מָרָה שְׁחוֹרָה וְעַצְבוּת, מֵחֲמַת שֶׁנּוֹפְלִים בְּדַעְתָּם, מֵחֲמַת שֶׁרוֹאִים בְּעַצְמָם גֹּדֶל קִלְקוּלָם שֶׁקִּלְקְלוּ מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם, כָּל אֶחָד כְּפִי מַה שֶּׁיּוֹדֵעַ בְּעַצְמוֹ אֶת נִגְעֵי לְבָבוֹ וּמַכְאוֹבָיו, וּמֵחֲמַת זֶה הֵם נוֹפְלִים בְּדַעְתָּם, וְרֻבָּן מְיָאֲשִׁים עַצְמָן לְגַמְרֵי, וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה אֵינָם מִתְפַּלְּלִים בְּכַוָּנָה כְּלָל, וְאֵינָם עוֹשִׂים אֲפִלּוּ מַה שֶּׁהָיוּ יְכוֹלִים לַעֲשׂוֹת עֲדַיִן.
{[Rebbe Nachman], of blessed memory, cautioned us to live by this teaching, for it is a major foundation for anyone who wishes to draw closer to God and not lose his eternal reward completely, God forbid. In most cases where people are far from God, the main reason for this is sadness and depression. They fall into depression because they see for themselves the great harm they have caused through their actions, each person commensurate with what he himself knows of his heart’s affliction and his anguish. Due to this they become depressed, and most of them despair [of] themselves completely. As a result they pray without any concentration, and do not even do what they are still capable of.
עַל כֵּן צָרִיךְ הָאָדָם לְהַשְׂכִּיל מְאֹד עַל דָּבָר זֶה, כִּי כָּל הַנְּפִילוֹת שֶׁבְּדַעְתּוֹ, אַף־עַל־פִּי שֶׁהוּא מֵחֲמַת מַעֲשִׂים רָעִים שֶׁעָשָׂה בֶּאֱמֶת, עִם כָּל זֶה, הַנְּפִילָה שֶׁבְּדַעְתּוֹ, וְהָעַצְבוּת וְהַמָּרָה שְׁחוֹרָה שֶׁנּוֹפֵל עָלָיו עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה, הַכֹּל הוּא רַק מַעֲשֵׂי בַּעַל דָּבָר, שֶׁמַּחֲלִישׁ דַּעְתּוֹ כְּדֵי לְהַפִּילוֹ לְגַמְרֵי, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם. עַל־כֵּן צְרִיכִין לְהִתְחַזֵּק מְאֹד, לֵילֵךְ עִם הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת, לְחַפֵּשׂ וּלְבַקֵּשׁ בְּעַצְמוֹ בְּכָל פַּעַם אֵיזֶה מְעַט טוֹב וּנְקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת וְכוּ' כַּנַּ"ל. וְעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה יְחַיֶּה וִישַׂמַּח אֶת עַצְמוֹ, וִיצַפֶּה לִישׁוּעָה עֲדַיִן, וְיוּכַל לְהִתְפַּלֵּל וּלְזַמֵּר וּלְהוֹדוֹת לַה', בִּבְחִינַת: אֲזַמְּרָה לֵאלֹקַי בְּעוֹדִי כַּנַּ"ל, וְעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה יִזְכֶּה לָשׁוּב בֶּאֱמֶת אֶל ה' כַּנַּ"ל]:
Thus, a person has to be very sagacious in this matter. For although all his depressions are due to the evil deeds he did indeed commit, still, that he fell into depression, and that sadness and melancholy descend upon him because of this, is nothing but the work of the Evil One, who discourages him in order to defeat him completely, God forbid. One must therefore be very resolved to live by this teaching, to each time search and seek within himself a little bit of good and good points, etc., as explained above. Through this he will revive himself and bring himself joy, and he will still look forward to God’s help. He will be able to pray, and sing and give praise to God, in the aspect of “I will sing to God with the little I have left,” as explained above. And because of this, he will merit to genuinely return to God, as explained above.}
וְדַע, שֶׁמִּי שֶׁיָּכוֹל לַעֲשׂוֹת אֵלּוּ הַנִּגּוּנִים, דְּהַיְנוּ לְלַקֵּט הַנְּקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצָא בְּכָל אֶחָד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, אֲפִלּוּ בְּהַפּוֹשְׁעֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּנַּ"ל, הוּא יָכוֹל לְהִתְפַּלֵּל לִפְנֵי הָעַמּוּד, כִּי הַמִּתְפַּלֵּל לִפְנֵי הָעַמּוּד, הוּא נִקְרָא שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, וְצָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה נִשְׁלָח מִכָּל הַצִּבּוּר, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁצָּרִיךְ שֶׁיְּקַבֵּץ כָּל נְקֻדָּה טוֹבָה שֶׁנִּמְצָא בְּכָל אֶחָד מֵהַמִּתְפַּלְּלִין, וְכָל הַנְּקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת יִהְיוּ נִכְלָלִין בּוֹ, וְהוּא יַעֲמֹד וְיִתְפַּלֵּל עִם כָּל הַטּוֹב הַזֶּה, וְזֶהוּ שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, וְצָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בּוֹ בְּחִינָה גָּבוֹהַּ כָּזוֹ, שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה יִהְיוּ כָּל הַנְּקֻדּוֹת תְּאֵבִים אֵלָיו, וְיִהְיוּ נִכְלָלִין בּוֹ,
3. Know, too, that someone who is capable of making these melodies—i.e., gathering the good points that are to be found in each Jew, even a Jewish sinner, as explained above—he can lead the communal prayers. For one who leads the communal prayers is called the messenger of the people; he must be sent by all the people—i.e., he must gather every good point that is to be found in each of the congregants. All these good points are merged in him, so that when he stands up to pray, it is with all this good. This is the meaning of “messenger of the people.” Thus, he must have within him this exalted aspect, as a result of which all the points are drawn to him and become merged within him.
וּמִי שֶׁיָּכוֹל לַעֲשׂוֹת נִגּוּנִים הַנַּ"ל, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁיָּכוֹל לָדוּן אֶת כָּל אָדָם לְכַף זְכוּת, אֲפִלּוּ אֶת הַקַּלִּים וְהָרְשָׁעִים, כִּי מִשְׁתַּדֵּל לְחַפֵּשׂ וּלְבַקֵּשׁ לִמְצֹא בְּכֻלָּם נְקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת כַּנַּ"ל, שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה נַעֲשִׂין נִגּוּנִים כַּנַּ"ל, זֶה הַצַּדִּיק שֶׁאוֹחֵז בְּמַדְרֵגָה זֹאת, הוּא יָכוֹל לִהְיוֹת חַזָּן וּשְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, דְּהַיְנוּ לְהִתְפַּלֵּל לִפְנֵי הָעַמּוּד, כִּי הוּא יֵשׁ בּוֹ בְּחִינָה זוֹ הַצְּרִיכָה לְהַשְּׁלִיחַ־צִבּוּר הֶהָגוּן בֶּאֱמֶת, שֶׁצָּרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בּוֹ בְּחִינָה, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כָּל הַנְּקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת תְּאֵבִים אֵלָיו וְיִהְיוּ נִכְלָלִין בּוֹ כַּנַּ"ל, כִּי הוּא יָכוֹל לְקַבֵּץ כָּל הַנְּקֻדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצָא בְּכָל אֶחָד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, אֲפִלּוּ בְּפוֹשְׁעֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, כַּנַּ"ל:
And someone who can make the aforementioned melodies—i.e., he is capable of judging all people favorably, even the rabble and the wicked, because he persistently searches and seeks to find the good points in all of them, through which melodies are made, as explained above—this tzaddik, since he is on this level, is capable of being the cantor and messenger of the people. That is, he can lead the communal prayers, because he has within him this aspect, which is a necessary requirement to be a truly fitting messenger of the people. For he must possess the aspect whereby all the good points are drawn to him and are merged within him, so that he is capable of gathering all the good points that are to be found in each Jew, even a Jewish sinner, as explained above.
וְדַע שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּכָל דּוֹר וָדוֹר רוֹעֶה, וְהוּא בְּחִינוֹת מֹשֶׁה, שֶׁהוּא רְעָיָא מְהֵימָנָא, וְזֶה הָרוֹעֶה הוּא עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּן.
4. Know, too, that in each and every generation there is a shepherd who is the aspect of Moshe, the “faithful shepherd.” This shepherd makes a sanctuary.
וְדַע, שֶׁתִּנוֹקוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן מְקַבְּלִים הֶבֶל פִּיהֶם שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ חֵטְא מִזֶּה הַמִּשְׁכָּן, וְעַל כֵּן הַתִּינוֹק כְּשֶׁמַּתְחִיל לִקְרוֹת וּלְהִכָּנֵס בַּתּוֹרָה, הוּא מַתְחִיל מִן וַיִּקְרָא אֶל מֹשֶׁה (מ"ר צו פ' ז), שֶׁהוּא אָלֶף זְעִירָא, כִּי וַיִּקְרָא מְדַבֵּר מִגְּמַר הֲקָמַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, שֶׁאָז קְרָאוֹ הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ וְהִתְחִיל לְדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ מֵהַמִּשְׁכָּן, וְעַל כֵּן מִשָּׁם מַתְחִילִין הַתִּינוֹקוֹת, כִּי מִשָּׁם מְקַבְּלִין הֶבֶל פִּיהֶם כַּנַּ"ל, וּמִשָּׁם מַתְחִילִין לִקְרוֹת וּלְהִכָּנֵס לְתוֹךְ הַתּוֹרָה:
And know, the young schoolchildren receive the undefiled breath of their mouths from this sanctuary. Therefore, when a young child first begins to read and enter the study of Torah, he begins with “Vayikra (And He called) to Moshe” (Leviticus 1:1)—[the word Vayikra is written] with a small aleph—because [the Book of] Vayikra speaks of the completion of the Sanctuary’s erection. It was then that God called to Moshe and began speaking to him from the Sanctuary. This is why the young children begin from there, because it is from there that they receive the breath of their mouths, as explained above, and from there they begin to read and enter into Torah study.
וְדַע שֶׁכָּל הַצַּדִּיקִים שֶׁבַּדּוֹר, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד הוּא בְּחִינַת רוֹעֶה, כִּי בְּכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד יֵשׁ בּוֹ בְּחִינַת מֹשֶׁה, וְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד לְפִי בְּחִינָתוֹ, הוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְּחִינַת מִשְׁכָּן, שֶׁמִּשָּׁם מְקַבְּלִין הַתִּינוֹקוֹת הֶבֶל פִּיהֶם כַּנַּ"ל, וְכָל אֶחָד לְפִי בְּחִינָתוֹ, לְפִי בְּחִינַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה, כְּמוֹ כֵן יֵשׁ לוֹ תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁהֵם מְקַבְּלִין מִשָּׁם. נִמְצָא, שֶׁיֵּשׁ לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מִצַּדִּיקֵי הַדּוֹר, סַךְ תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁהֵם מְקַבְּלִין הֶבֶל פִּיהֶם מִמֶּנּוּ, כָּל אֶחָד לְפִי בְּחִינָתוֹ כַּנַּ"ל.
5. And know, all the tzaddikim of the generation, without exception, are the aspect of a shepherd. For within each one of them is an aspect of Moshe; and each one of them, in his own aspect, makes an aspect of a sanctuary, from which the young children receive the breath of their mouths, as explained above. And each [tzaddik], commensurate with his aspect—the aspect of the sanctuary that he makes—likewise has young children who receive from there. Thus it is that every tzaddik of the generation, without exception, has a specific number of children who receive the breath of their mouths from him; each [tzaddik] commensurate with his aspect, as explained above.
וְזֶה בְּחִינַת מַה שֶּׁאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (שבת לג:), שֶׁתִּינוֹקוֹת נִתְפָּסִין עַל עֲווֹן הַדּוֹר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּרְעִי אֶת גְּדִיּוֹתַיִךְ עַל מִשְׁכְּנוֹת הָרוֹעִים – שֶׁמִּתְמַשְׁכְּנִין עַל הָרוֹעִים,
This is the aspect of what our Sages, of blessed memory, said: Young children are snatched away because of the sin of the generation, as it is said (Song of Songs 1:8), “and graze your young goats by the shepherd’s MiShKaNot (tents)”—[the young children] mitmaShKNin (are taken as surety) for the shepherds (Shabbat 33b).
וְזֶהוּ: עַל מִשְׁכְּנוֹת הָרוֹעִים, שֶׁהֵם מְקַבְּלִין הֶבֶל פִּיהֶם מִבְּחִינַת הַמִּשְׁכָּנוֹת שֶׁל הָרוֹעִים, דְּהַיְנוּ הַצַּדִּיקִים שֶׁבַּדּוֹר, שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּן כַּנַּ"ל:
This is the explanation of “by the shepherd’s tents.” They receive the breath of their mouths from the aspect of the mishkanot of the shepherds—i.e., the tzaddikim of the generation, each of whom makes a mishkan (sanctuary), as explained above.
אַךְ לֵידַע כָּל זֹאת, דְּהַיְנוּ לָדַעַת כָּל צַדִּיק וְצַדִּיק, אֵיזֶה הֵם הַתִּינוֹקוֹת הַשַּׁיָּכִים לוֹ, וְכַמָּה הֵם מְקַבְּלִין מִמֶּנּוּ, וְלֵידַע כָּל הַבְּחִינוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּזֶה, וְהַדּוֹר שֶׁיָּבוֹא מֵהֶם עַד הַסּוֹף – דַּע, מִי שֶׁיּוּכַל לַעֲשׂוֹת נִגּוּנִים הַנַּ"ל, הוּא יָכוֹל לֵידַע כָּל זֶה.
6. However, to know all this— i.e., to know of each and every tzaddik, which are the young children who relate to him and how much they receive from him, and to know all the aspects involved in this and the generations that will come from them to the very end—know, one who can make the aforementioned melodies can know all this.
וְזֶהוּ סוֹד מַה שֶּׁאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה בַּמִּשְׁנָה (שבת יא): בֶּאֱמֶת אָמְרוּ, הַחַזָּן רוֹאֶה הֵיכָן הַתִּינוֹקוֹת קוֹרְאִים. הַחַזָּן, דְּהַיְנוּ מִי שֶׁיָּכוֹל לַעֲשׂוֹת הַנִּגּוּנִים הַנַּ"ל, שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לִהְיוֹת חַזָּן וּשְׁלִיחַ־צִבּוּר לְהִתְפַּלֵּל לִפְנֵי הָעַמּוּד כַּנַּ"ל. הוּא רוֹאֶה וְיוֹדֵעַ הֵיכָן הַתִּינוֹקוֹת קוֹרִין, הַיְנוּ אֵצֶל אֵיזֶה צַדִּיק הֵם מְקַבְּלִין הֶבֶל פִּיהֶם, שֶׁעַל־יָדוֹ הֵם קוֹרְאִין וְנִכְנָסִין בְּהַתּוֹרָה כַּנַּ"ל:
And this is the deeper meaning of what our Sages, of blessed memory, said in the Mishnah: In truth, they said, the chazan sees where the young children are reading (Shabbat 11a). “The chazan”—i.e., one who can make the aforementioned melodies—he can be the cantor, the messenger of the people, leader of the communal prayers, as explained above. He sees and knows “where the young children are reading”—i.e., from which tzaddik they receive the breath of their mouths, through whom they read and enter into the study of Torah, as explained above.
תם ונשלם ספר ראשון.
This completes Volume One.
תהלה לאל אחרון וראשון:
Praise to God, the Last and the First.
ואלה מוסיף על הראשונים. לקוטים חדשים שלקטתי מהחברים. מפיהם ומפי כתבם. שלא הובאו בראשונים:
The following additional lessons are new collections that I gathered from fellow chassidim, that which I heard from them verbally and that which they had recorded, which were not included in the first edition.